Data are collected through a survey.

Multiannual

Sine is an ongoing system to observe and monitor a generation (or set) of new enterprises every four years.

In this case, a generation is a group of enterprises created over the same period (the first half) of a given year. Each generation of enterprises is therefore only represented by the companies created in the first half of the year.

For each generation, the information is collected using three surveys:

• the first, a few months after the creation of the enterprise;

• the second, at the end of the third year of existence of the enterprise;

• the third, five years after its creation.

November 2022 to April 2023 (wave 1)

November 2025 to April 2026 (wave 2)

November 2027 to April 2028 (wave 3)

Legal unit

Not all new businesses are surveyed.

The Sine 2022 cohort samples are drawn from business start-ups registered in the SIRUS statistical register during the first half of 2022, divided into strata according to region, sector of activity and business type (sole proprietorships excluding micro-entrepreneurs, micro-entrepreneurs and companies).

The region corresponds to the new regions resulting from the territorial reform.

The sampling method used ensures that the results are both nationally and regionally representative.

Only surviving companies are then re-interviewed after three and five years of existence.

The total Sine 2022 sample (first survey of the 2022 generation) comprises 70,000 entrepreneurs.

The second survey of this cohort will take place in 2025.

Since the 2022 generation, the sample has covered Mayotte for all types of creator.

70000

Non-responding companies are contacted.

The raw data are cleaned and adjusted according to the methods described below.

Partial non-response is subject to imputation: correction of the data by cold-deck (on employment from the HERACLES source, on turnover from the ESANE source) or hot-deck (imputation of the other responses to the questionnaire by donor/receiver).

Total non-response is adjusted by imputation, in two steps: imputation of activity status (active or ceased) using an activity status model, then imputation using a non-response model. Successive reweightings would lead to having three sets of weights in the final file, one for each survey, at the end of the three surveys of the cohort. This would pose difficult problems for crossing several variables from different waves.

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