Precision calculations are performed on the variables.

The estimators may contain a proportion of non-random errors linked to a lack of coverage (see below), measurement errors, non-response, processing errors (data entry) and/or modeling errors.

The sample is drawn in September 2022 on the basis of business start-ups in the first half of 2022 reported in Sirene on the draw date. Business start-ups not reported to Sirene by this date are not sampled.

Conversely, some of the units surveyed are taken out of scope when the data collected in the first wave are processed using revised Sirene data. This particularly concerns companies with a lifespan of less than 30 days.

Partial non-response is subject to imputation: correction of the data by cold-deck (on employment from the EPURE source, on turnover from the ESANE source) or hot-deck (imputation of the other responses to the questionnaire

by donor/receiver).

Total non-response is adjusted by imputation, in two steps: imputation of activity status (active or ceased) using an activity status model, then imputation using a non-response model. Successive reweightings would lead to having three sets of weights in the final file, one for each survey, at the end of the three surveys of the cohort. This would pose difficult problems for crossing several variables from different waves.