Informations Rapides ·
21 November 2025 · n° 290
In November 2025, the business climate in building construction is stable Monthly survey of building - November 2025
According to business managers surveyed in November 2025, the business climate in the construction sector is stable. At 96, the synthetic indicator remains below its long-term average (100). Compared to October, building contractors have slightly reviewed their opinion upward for past activity, and downward for their expected activity. Moreover, the capacity utilisation rate has sharply fallen back, and their assessment of their order book levels is at its lowest since December 2016.
- The balance of opinion of entrepreneurs on their expected activity has slightly decreased; the one regarding their past activity has slightly increased
- The balance of opinion on order books has declined again
- The production capacity utilisation rate has fallen back sharply
- The balance of opinion on expected prices has slightly rebounded
- Opinion on expected workforce size has deteriorated again
- Revisions
- For further information
According to business managers surveyed in November 2025, the business climate in the construction sector is stable. At 96, the synthetic indicator remains below its long-term average (100). Compared to October, building contractors have slightly reviewed their opinion upward for past activity, and downward for their expected activity. Moreover, the capacity utilisation rate has sharply fallen back, and their assessment of their order book levels is at its lowest since December 2016.
tableauBusiness climate composite indicator
| Business climate composite indicator | |
|---|---|
| 2025-11 | 95.7 |
| 2025-10 | 95.8 |
| 2025-09 | 97.9 |
| 2025-08 | 97.5 |
| 2025-07 | 95.8 |
| 2025-06 | 96.5 |
| 2025-05 | 96.4 |
| 2025-04 | 93.2 |
| 2025-03 | 94.4 |
| 2025-02 | 94.5 |
| 2025-01 | 94.7 |
| 2024-12 | 94.6 |
| 2024-11 | 95.4 |
| 2024-10 | 95.9 |
| 2024-09 | 96.6 |
| 2024-08 | 97.2 |
| 2024-07 | 95.2 |
| 2024-06 | 97.3 |
| 2024-05 | 98.8 |
| 2024-04 | 97.8 |
| 2024-03 | 100.2 |
| 2024-02 | 99.9 |
| 2024-01 | 99.4 |
| 2023-12 | 99.2 |
| 2023-11 | 99.9 |
| 2023-10 | 100.0 |
| 2023-09 | 102.4 |
| 2023-08 | 102.6 |
| 2023-07 | 101.8 |
| 2023-06 | 103.2 |
| 2023-05 | 104.1 |
| 2023-04 | 105.0 |
| 2023-03 | 105.1 |
| 2023-02 | 105.8 |
| 2023-01 | 106.4 |
| 2022-12 | 107.0 |
| 2022-11 | 105.4 |
| 2022-10 | 106.7 |
| 2022-09 | 105.5 |
| 2022-08 | 105.6 |
| 2022-07 | 105.4 |
| 2022-06 | 106.3 |
| 2022-05 | 105.1 |
| 2022-04 | 107.4 |
| 2022-03 | 108.4 |
| 2022-02 | 108.4 |
| 2022-01 | 106.1 |
| 2021-12 | 110.0 |
| 2021-11 | 108.4 |
| 2021-10 | 107.5 |
| 2021-09 | 109.6 |
| 2021-08 | 108.8 |
| 2021-07 | 109.0 |
| 2021-06 | 109.3 |
| 2021-05 | 107.3 |
| 2021-04 | 105.7 |
| 2021-03 | 104.6 |
| 2021-02 | 101.4 |
| 2021-01 | 101.3 |
| 2020-12 | 99.5 |
| 2020-11 | 99.0 |
| 2020-10 | 104.5 |
| 2020-09 | 101.3 |
| 2020-08 | 97.2 |
| 2020-07 | 85.8 |
| 2020-06 | 76.9 |
| 2020-05 | 69.9 |
| 2020-04 | 81.4 |
| 2020-03 | 109.3 |
| 2020-02 | 109.2 |
| 2020-01 | 107.5 |
| 2019-12 | 107.5 |
| 2019-11 | 108.4 |
| 2019-10 | 109.7 |
| 2019-09 | 109.2 |
| 2019-08 | 108.2 |
| 2019-07 | 108.5 |
| 2019-06 | 108.2 |
| 2019-05 | 107.4 |
| 2019-04 | 108.2 |
| 2019-03 | 108.6 |
| 2019-02 | 108.4 |
| 2019-01 | 107.5 |
| 2018-12 | 106.4 |
| 2018-11 | 105.2 |
| 2018-10 | 104.9 |
| 2018-09 | 104.7 |
| 2018-08 | 106.0 |
| 2018-07 | 105.7 |
| 2018-06 | 105.6 |
| 2018-05 | 106.2 |
| 2018-04 | 107.1 |
| 2018-03 | 107.7 |
| 2018-02 | 108.0 |
| 2018-01 | 108.8 |
| 2017-12 | 108.2 |
| 2017-11 | 107.0 |
| 2017-10 | 104.6 |
| 2017-09 | 105.5 |
| 2017-08 | 104.4 |
| 2017-07 | 104.6 |
| 2017-06 | 105.0 |
| 2017-05 | 102.9 |
| 2017-04 | 99.8 |
| 2017-03 | 100.5 |
| 2017-02 | 100.4 |
| 2017-01 | 101.9 |
| 2016-12 | 98.5 |
| 2016-11 | 100.9 |
| 2016-10 | 100.7 |
| 2016-09 | 98.5 |
| 2016-08 | 97.6 |
| 2016-07 | 96.8 |
| 2016-06 | 96.7 |
| 2016-05 | 96.8 |
| 2016-04 | 94.8 |
| 2016-03 | 93.8 |
| 2016-02 | 92.4 |
| 2016-01 | 93.8 |
| 2015-12 | 94.4 |
| 2015-11 | 91.4 |
| 2015-10 | 92.3 |
| 2015-09 | 91.9 |
| 2015-08 | 92.2 |
| 2015-07 | 89.7 |
| 2015-06 | 89.6 |
| 2015-05 | 88.1 |
| 2015-04 | 88.7 |
| 2015-03 | 86.5 |
| 2015-02 | 85.7 |
| 2015-01 | 86.6 |
| 2014-12 | 87.4 |
| 2014-11 | 87.3 |
| 2014-10 | 84.4 |
| 2014-09 | 85.4 |
| 2014-08 | 87.3 |
| 2014-07 | 89.2 |
| 2014-06 | 91.2 |
| 2014-05 | 90.8 |
| 2014-04 | 91.0 |
| 2014-03 | 91.7 |
| 2014-02 | 91.2 |
| 2014-01 | 91.0 |
| 2013-12 | 90.6 |
| 2013-11 | 93.0 |
| 2013-10 | 93.2 |
| 2013-09 | 94.0 |
| 2013-08 | 91.6 |
| 2013-07 | 89.3 |
| 2013-06 | 87.7 |
| 2013-05 | 88.1 |
| 2013-04 | 87.2 |
| 2013-03 | 88.6 |
| 2013-02 | 89.4 |
| 2013-01 | 89.7 |
| 2012-12 | 90.3 |
| 2012-11 | 89.6 |
| 2012-10 | 90.3 |
| 2012-09 | 92.5 |
| 2012-08 | 92.9 |
| 2012-07 | 93.4 |
| 2012-06 | 94.3 |
| 2012-05 | 94.4 |
| 2012-04 | 96.5 |
| 2012-03 | 97.7 |
| 2012-02 | 97.9 |
| 2012-01 | 99.0 |
| 2011-12 | 97.8 |
| 2011-11 | 98.0 |
| 2011-10 | 99.5 |
| 2011-09 | 99.8 |
| 2011-08 | 101.4 |
| 2011-07 | 104.1 |
| 2011-06 | 103.4 |
| 2011-05 | 103.0 |
| 2011-04 | 103.9 |
| 2011-03 | 101.5 |
| 2011-02 | 100.0 |
| 2011-01 | 97.8 |
| 2010-12 | 98.0 |
| 2010-11 | 96.2 |
| 2010-10 | 95.3 |
| 2010-09 | 93.6 |
| 2010-08 | 94.5 |
| 2010-07 | 93.7 |
| 2010-06 | 92.0 |
| 2010-05 | 90.5 |
| 2010-04 | 88.9 |
| 2010-03 | 88.6 |
| 2010-02 | 89.5 |
| 2010-01 | 88.4 |
| 2009-12 | 88.2 |
| 2009-11 | 88.4 |
| 2009-10 | 89.0 |
| 2009-09 | 87.6 |
| 2009-08 | 86.3 |
| 2009-07 | 84.9 |
| 2009-06 | 84.8 |
| 2009-05 | 85.4 |
| 2009-04 | 85.4 |
| 2009-03 | 87.0 |
| 2009-02 | 84.1 |
| 2009-01 | 89.2 |
| 2008-12 | 89.3 |
| 2008-11 | 92.2 |
| 2008-10 | 93.3 |
| 2008-09 | 100.5 |
| 2008-08 | 102.2 |
| 2008-07 | 101.6 |
| 2008-06 | 104.0 |
| 2008-05 | 107.8 |
| 2008-04 | 110.0 |
| 2008-03 | 111.4 |
| 2008-02 | 112.1 |
| 2008-01 | 110.6 |
| 2007-12 | 112.4 |
| 2007-11 | 112.7 |
| 2007-10 | 112.4 |
| 2007-09 | 113.5 |
| 2007-08 | 113.5 |
| 2007-07 | 115.1 |
| 2007-06 | 115.1 |
| 2007-05 | 114.0 |
| 2007-04 | 114.0 |
| 2007-03 | 113.3 |
| 2007-02 | 112.3 |
| 2007-01 | 112.8 |
| 2006-12 | 113.8 |
| 2006-11 | 113.7 |
| 2006-10 | 114.1 |
| 2006-09 | 113.8 |
| 2006-08 | 113.0 |
| 2006-07 | 113.2 |
| 2006-06 | 112.4 |
| 2006-05 | 112.7 |
| 2006-04 | 112.1 |
| 2006-03 | 111.2 |
| 2006-02 | 110.6 |
| 2006-01 | 112.7 |
| 2005-12 | 112.5 |
| 2005-11 | 112.9 |
| 2005-10 | 111.7 |
| 2005-09 | 110.0 |
| 2005-08 | 109.8 |
| 2005-07 | 110.2 |
| 2005-06 | 109.5 |
| 2005-05 | 107.7 |
| 2005-04 | 107.9 |
| 2005-03 | 107.3 |
| 2005-02 | 107.6 |
| 2005-01 | 107.9 |
| 2004-12 | 108.1 |
| 2004-11 | 108.7 |
| 2004-10 | 107.1 |
| 2004-09 | 106.7 |
| 2004-08 | 106.4 |
| 2004-07 | 106.5 |
| 2004-06 | 104.3 |
| 2004-05 | 105.1 |
| 2004-04 | 105.8 |
| 2004-03 | 104.8 |
| 2004-02 | 103.9 |
| 2004-01 | 104.9 |
| 2003-12 | 101.7 |
| 2003-11 | 100.1 |
| 2003-10 | 97.5 |
| 2003-09 | 100.7 |
| 2003-08 | 97.8 |
| 2003-07 | 95.2 |
| 2003-06 | 94.5 |
| 2003-05 | 94.6 |
| 2003-04 | 94.1 |
| 2003-03 | 92.9 |
| 2003-02 | 94.6 |
| 2003-01 | 94.5 |
| 2002-12 | 93.3 |
| 2002-11 | 94.4 |
| 2002-10 | 95.8 |
| 2002-09 | 97.3 |
| 2002-08 | 98.2 |
| 2002-07 | 99.4 |
| 2002-06 | 103.4 |
| 2002-05 | 103.2 |
| 2002-04 | 99.7 |
| 2002-03 | 103.0 |
| 2002-02 | 102.0 |
| 2002-01 | 100.6 |
| 2001-12 | 101.7 |
| 2001-11 | 102.1 |
| 2001-10 | 103.3 |
| 2001-09 | 103.8 |
| 2001-08 | 105.5 |
| 2001-07 | 107.3 |
| 2001-06 | 109.1 |
| 2001-05 | 110.9 |
| 2001-04 | 111.2 |
| 2001-03 | 115.6 |
| 2001-02 | 117.2 |
| 2001-01 | 116.5 |
| 2000-12 | 118.9 |
| 2000-11 | 121.9 |
| 2000-10 | 122.9 |
| 2000-09 | 122.9 |
| 2000-08 | 122.9 |
| 2000-07 | 122.8 |
| 2000-06 | 121.1 |
| 2000-05 | 119.5 |
| 2000-04 | 122.6 |
| 2000-03 | 118.9 |
| 2000-02 | 117.9 |
| 2000-01 | 119.4 |
| 1999-12 | 118.3 |
| 1999-11 | 114.3 |
| 1999-10 | 113.9 |
| 1999-09 | 113.2 |
| 1999-08 | 112.7 |
| 1999-07 | 112.1 |
| 1999-06 | 110.0 |
| 1999-05 | 111.5 |
| 1999-04 | 109.4 |
| 1999-03 | 107.2 |
| 1999-02 | 105.6 |
| 1999-01 | 106.1 |
| 1998-12 | 100.1 |
| 1998-11 | 105.8 |
| 1998-10 | 105.4 |
| 1998-09 | 108.7 |
| 1998-08 | 108.2 |
| 1998-07 | 107.7 |
| 1998-06 | 106.0 |
| 1998-05 | 103.4 |
| 1998-04 | 100.8 |
| 1998-03 | 102.4 |
| 1998-02 | 100.0 |
| 1998-01 | 98.1 |
graphiqueBusiness climate composite indicator
- Source: INSEE.
tableauBuilding industry economic outlook
| Average* | August 25 | Sept. 25 | Oct. 25 | Nov. 25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite indicator | 100 | 97 | 98 | 96 | 96 |
| Past activity | -3 | -11 | -8 | -13 | -12 |
| Expected activity | -4 | -3 | -5 | -8 | -9 |
| General business outlook **** | -15 | -22 | |||
| Past employment | -4 | -3 | -6 | -5 | -4 |
| Expected employment | -1 | 4 | 3 | -1 | -2 |
| Opinion on order books | -21 | -28 | -29 | -32 | -33 |
| Production capacity utilisation rate (in %) | 89.0 | 89.6 | 89.3 | 89.9 | 89.0 |
| Obstacles to production increase (in %) ** | 65 | 57 | 58 | 60 | 59 |
| Because of an insufficient demand (in %) ** | 31 | 32 | 36 | 38 | 37 |
| Because of workforce shortage (in %) ** | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 27 |
| Because of supply difficulties (in %) ** | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Production bottlenecks (in %) | 35 | 38 | 37 | 39 | 36 |
| Recruiting problems (in %) **** | 61 | 64 | |||
| Expected prices | -8 | -8 | -9 | -11 | -10 |
| Cash-flow position **** | -10 | -13 | |||
| Payment delays **** | 30 | 37 | |||
| Economic uncertainty felt *** | 10 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 12 |
- *Average since April 1978 for the composite indicator, since September 1993 for the balances of opinion, since April 2021 for the balances of opinion on the economic uncertainty felt.
- ** Non-seasonally adjusted percentage of weighted responses.
- *** Non-seasonally adjusted balance of opinion.
- **** Balance of opinion from the quarterly section of the survey.
- Source: INSEE, French business survey in the building industry.
The balance of opinion of entrepreneurs on their expected activity has slightly decreased; the one regarding their past activity has slightly increased
In November 2025, construction entrepreneurs’ opinion on their expected activity has deteriorated slightly: the corresponding balance has decreased for the third consecutive month and has moved away from its long-term average. The balance relating to past activity has rebounded somewhat, but remains well below its long-term average.
tableauActivity tendency in building construction
| Expected activity | Past activity | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025-11 | -9.0 | -12.5 |
| 2025-10 | -8.3 | -13.2 |
| 2025-09 | -5.3 | -8.0 |
| 2025-08 | -2.8 | -11.2 |
| 2025-07 | -9.7 | -12.2 |
| 2025-06 | -6.3 | -12.4 |
| 2025-05 | -5.0 | -13.0 |
| 2025-04 | -13.7 | -18.2 |
| 2025-03 | -11.2 | -15.6 |
| 2025-02 | -10.9 | -15.4 |
| 2025-01 | -11.0 | -15.4 |
| 2024-12 | -13.7 | -13.8 |
| 2024-11 | -12.6 | -12.8 |
| 2024-10 | -13.2 | -10.6 |
| 2024-09 | -9.8 | -10.7 |
| 2024-08 | -9.8 | -9.0 |
| 2024-07 | -16.0 | -12.5 |
| 2024-06 | -9.1 | -10.4 |
| 2024-05 | -6.4 | -6.3 |
| 2024-04 | -11.3 | -7.2 |
| 2024-03 | -2.8 | -3.6 |
| 2024-02 | -1.9 | -5.7 |
| 2024-01 | -5.7 | -5.4 |
| 2023-12 | -8.4 | -4.6 |
| 2023-11 | -6.1 | -3.4 |
| 2023-10 | -5.5 | -3.4 |
| 2023-09 | -0.2 | 0.5 |
| 2023-08 | -0.4 | 1.1 |
| 2023-07 | -2.4 | -0.5 |
| 2023-06 | 2.6 | 0.9 |
| 2023-05 | 0.2 | 4.9 |
| 2023-04 | 4.2 | 5.2 |
| 2023-03 | 3.8 | 5.9 |
| 2023-02 | 6.7 | 6.3 |
| 2023-01 | 6.0 | 8.2 |
| 2022-12 | 8.5 | 8.8 |
| 2022-11 | 4.5 | 5.5 |
| 2022-10 | 7.5 | 7.7 |
| 2022-09 | 7.5 | 4.7 |
| 2022-08 | 4.5 | 5.1 |
| 2022-07 | 3.9 | 5.5 |
| 2022-06 | 5.8 | 7.3 |
| 2022-05 | 8.2 | 2.3 |
| 2022-04 | 7.6 | 10.0 |
| 2022-03 | 12.2 | 10.9 |
| 2022-02 | 12.0 | 10.4 |
| 2022-01 | 7.6 | 5.2 |
| 2021-12 | 18.2 | 11.4 |
| 2021-11 | 10.8 | 10.9 |
| 2021-10 | 12.3 | 7.8 |
| 2021-09 | 16.6 | 11.7 |
| 2021-08 | 10.3 | 12.7 |
| 2021-07 | 10.4 | 13.1 |
| 2021-06 | 12.5 | 13.7 |
| 2021-05 | 13.7 | 7.0 |
| 2021-04 | 9.4 | 4.7 |
| 2021-03 | 8.4 | 1.9 |
| 2021-02 | -2.2 | -0.5 |
| 2021-01 | -0.8 | -1.1 |
| 2020-12 | -6.3 | -0.9 |
| 2020-11 | -17.1 | 0.6 |
| 2020-10 | 1.7 | 8.7 |
| 2020-09 | 5.4 | -3.7 |
| 2020-08 | 11.5 | -21.1 |
| 2020-07 | 18.8 | -61.5 |
| 2020-06 | 4.4 | -81.0 |
| 2020-05 | -47.2 | -76.3 |
| 2020-04 | -81.2 | -24.2 |
| 2020-03 | 6.6 | 17.1 |
| 2020-02 | 14.2 | 12.3 |
| 2020-01 | 10.0 | 9.7 |
| 2019-12 | 9.1 | 8.8 |
| 2019-11 | 9.2 | 11.9 |
| 2019-10 | 15.9 | 13.1 |
| 2019-09 | 12.4 | 13.3 |
| 2019-08 | 12.1 | 10.2 |
| 2019-07 | 11.5 | 12.3 |
| 2019-06 | 14.5 | 8.9 |
| 2019-05 | 12.7 | 7.6 |
| 2019-04 | 12.8 | 10.4 |
| 2019-03 | 14.0 | 11.0 |
| 2019-02 | 14.7 | 10.3 |
| 2019-01 | 15.1 | 7.7 |
| 2018-12 | 11.2 | 6.5 |
| 2018-11 | 10.6 | 3.9 |
| 2018-10 | 9.6 | 4.0 |
| 2018-09 | 9.5 | 3.1 |
| 2018-08 | 5.6 | 9.3 |
| 2018-07 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
| 2018-06 | 12.1 | 4.7 |
| 2018-05 | 12.9 | 7.1 |
| 2018-04 | 13.5 | 9.9 |
| 2018-03 | 11.6 | 12.7 |
| 2018-02 | 10.8 | 14.0 |
| 2018-01 | 13.2 | 14.8 |
| 2017-12 | 14.1 | 12.7 |
| 2017-11 | 13.9 | 9.7 |
| 2017-10 | 7.9 | 5.5 |
| 2017-09 | 9.1 | 9.1 |
| 2017-08 | 14.5 | 2.3 |
| 2017-07 | 11.5 | 4.9 |
| 2017-06 | 3.4 | 10.9 |
| 2017-05 | 2.1 | 5.0 |
| 2017-04 | 5.9 | -7.1 |
| 2017-03 | 2.6 | -1.9 |
| 2017-02 | -0.5 | -1.0 |
| 2017-01 | -2.8 | 5.6 |
| 2016-12 | -0.8 | -5.5 |
| 2016-11 | 1.6 | 0.6 |
| 2016-10 | 3.7 | -0.4 |
| 2016-09 | 0.5 | -6.1 |
| 2016-08 | -3.3 | -6.7 |
| 2016-07 | -0.2 | -9.8 |
| 2016-06 | -2.7 | -8.6 |
| 2016-05 | -2.1 | -8.1 |
| 2016-04 | -5.1 | -13.6 |
| 2016-03 | -9.3 | -14.1 |
| 2016-02 | -16.1 | -15.2 |
| 2016-01 | -8.2 | -14.6 |
| 2015-12 | -8.0 | -11.7 |
| 2015-11 | -20.7 | -15.3 |
| 2015-10 | -15.2 | -14.5 |
| 2015-09 | -13.3 | -16.9 |
| 2015-08 | -8.8 | -18.1 |
| 2015-07 | -16.4 | -22.2 |
| 2015-06 | -20.4 | -19.9 |
| 2015-05 | -26.4 | -21.7 |
| 2015-04 | -24.0 | -20.8 |
| 2015-03 | -24.4 | -27.6 |
| 2015-02 | -23.7 | -30.3 |
| 2015-01 | -32.7 | -23.0 |
| 2014-12 | -27.9 | -23.1 |
| 2014-11 | -24.7 | -25.3 |
| 2014-10 | -29.9 | -31.8 |
| 2014-09 | -30.0 | -29.7 |
| 2014-08 | -27.4 | -25.0 |
| 2014-07 | -28.1 | -18.2 |
| 2014-06 | -17.6 | -18.2 |
| 2014-05 | -19.6 | -19.0 |
| 2014-04 | -22.4 | -17.5 |
| 2014-03 | -18.7 | -17.3 |
| 2014-02 | -20.7 | -17.4 |
| 2014-01 | -15.6 | -20.7 |
| 2013-12 | -18.6 | -20.2 |
| 2013-11 | -16.4 | -13.0 |
| 2013-10 | -15.5 | -13.3 |
| 2013-09 | -12.4 | -13.2 |
| 2013-08 | -19.7 | -16.7 |
| 2013-07 | -22.4 | -22.2 |
| 2013-06 | -24.0 | -26.5 |
| 2013-05 | -21.4 | -26.7 |
| 2013-04 | -24.6 | -28.1 |
| 2013-03 | -24.4 | -23.9 |
| 2013-02 | -22.1 | -23.3 |
| 2013-01 | -24.3 | -21.6 |
| 2012-12 | -21.9 | -20.5 |
| 2012-11 | -24.5 | -21.2 |
| 2012-10 | -25.9 | -18.3 |
| 2012-09 | -20.3 | -15.0 |
| 2012-08 | -19.3 | -15.2 |
| 2012-07 | -16.8 | -15.0 |
| 2012-06 | -14.0 | -13.5 |
| 2012-05 | -14.8 | -13.4 |
| 2012-04 | -12.0 | -8.6 |
| 2012-03 | -10.7 | -5.6 |
| 2012-02 | -12.5 | -3.8 |
| 2012-01 | -10.6 | -1.6 |
| 2011-12 | -11.6 | -4.4 |
| 2011-11 | -9.8 | -4.3 |
| 2011-10 | -4.7 | -2.2 |
| 2011-09 | -4.3 | -0.7 |
| 2011-08 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| 2011-07 | 5.0 | 8.2 |
| 2011-06 | 4.4 | 6.3 |
| 2011-05 | 2.0 | 6.1 |
| 2011-04 | 4.9 | 8.3 |
| 2011-03 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
| 2011-02 | 3.0 | -3.8 |
| 2011-01 | -1.0 | -8.5 |
| 2010-12 | -0.9 | -7.8 |
| 2010-11 | -0.5 | -12.8 |
| 2010-10 | -4.2 | -13.1 |
| 2010-09 | -12.7 | -13.2 |
| 2010-08 | -10.3 | -12.7 |
| 2010-07 | -11.4 | -14.0 |
| 2010-06 | -15.2 | -17.5 |
| 2010-05 | -17.6 | -20.7 |
| 2010-04 | -18.1 | -25.4 |
| 2010-03 | -18.2 | -26.2 |
| 2010-02 | -18.6 | -23.7 |
| 2010-01 | -20.1 | -26.6 |
| 2009-12 | -20.1 | -26.5 |
| 2009-11 | -20.4 | -26.2 |
| 2009-10 | -21.1 | -24.9 |
| 2009-09 | -24.5 | -28.3 |
| 2009-08 | -26.5 | -31.2 |
| 2009-07 | -31.4 | -33.3 |
| 2009-06 | -33.5 | -33.1 |
| 2009-05 | -34.2 | -29.2 |
| 2009-04 | -36.7 | -30.1 |
| 2009-03 | -36.9 | -24.3 |
| 2009-02 | -47.1 | -25.8 |
| 2009-01 | -35.2 | -19.5 |
| 2008-12 | -30.7 | -21.0 |
| 2008-11 | -36.1 | -11.4 |
| 2008-10 | -33.0 | -10.7 |
| 2008-09 | -9.3 | -0.9 |
| 2008-08 | -4.5 | 0.3 |
| 2008-07 | -5.2 | -0.3 |
| 2008-06 | -4.1 | 4.9 |
| 2008-05 | 9.8 | 9.6 |
| 2008-04 | 9.2 | 16.2 |
| 2008-03 | 17.4 | 15.7 |
| 2008-02 | 14.9 | 18.0 |
| 2008-01 | 7.3 | 18.7 |
| 2007-12 | 16.6 | 19.2 |
| 2007-11 | 13.6 | 21.4 |
| 2007-10 | 16.2 | 19.5 |
| 2007-09 | 19.6 | 20.6 |
| 2007-08 | 18.4 | 20.7 |
| 2007-07 | 19.7 | 25.0 |
| 2007-06 | 21.1 | 24.9 |
| 2007-05 | 20.3 | 22.3 |
| 2007-04 | 20.1 | 24.1 |
| 2007-03 | 17.7 | 22.6 |
| 2007-02 | 18.5 | 19.9 |
| 2007-01 | 21.0 | 20.1 |
| 2006-12 | 20.3 | 22.0 |
| 2006-11 | 23.4 | 20.5 |
| 2006-10 | 21.3 | 22.9 |
| 2006-09 | 19.1 | 22.6 |
| 2006-08 | 17.5 | 20.6 |
| 2006-07 | 17.3 | 21.2 |
| 2006-06 | 14.3 | 21.4 |
| 2006-05 | 17.1 | 21.0 |
| 2006-04 | 15.6 | 20.1 |
| 2006-03 | 16.1 | 17.6 |
| 2006-02 | 19.9 | 13.5 |
| 2006-01 | 19.8 | 20.4 |
| 2005-12 | 19.7 | 20.2 |
| 2005-11 | 23.0 | 19.2 |
| 2005-10 | 18.5 | 18.1 |
| 2005-09 | 13.5 | 15.4 |
| 2005-08 | 14.1 | 14.6 |
| 2005-07 | 15.0 | 15.3 |
| 2005-06 | 16.4 | 12.6 |
| 2005-05 | 12.7 | 9.2 |
| 2005-04 | 13.3 | 9.8 |
| 2005-03 | 13.0 | 8.4 |
| 2005-02 | 8.9 | 11.6 |
| 2005-01 | 11.2 | 11.1 |
graphiqueActivity tendency in building construction
- Source: INSEE.
Contractors' opinion on their expected activity is nonetheless contrasted when distinguishing by type of construction work. The balance of opinion relating to expected activity for dwelling constructions has moderately fallen back and still stands well below its long-term average. However, it remains markedly above its lowest level in the past ten years (excluding the COVID-19 pandemic) reached last February. The balance has slightly rebounded in the maintenance-improvement activity and has moved closer to its long-term average. As for the one relating to non-dwelling construction, it is stable, just below its average.
The economic uncertainty felt by building managers is stable, slightly above its long-term average.
tableauExpected activity in the building construction
| Other new buildings | New dwelling | Maintenance and improvement | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-11 | -10.1 | -17.8 | -0.2 |
| 2025-10 | -10.1 | -12.2 | -4.3 |
| 2025-09 | -12.7 | -23.2 | 5.8 |
| 2025-08 | -8.0 | -17.3 | 7.1 |
| 2025-07 | -17.6 | -10.8 | 2.9 |
| 2025-06 | -11.3 | -18.0 | 3.2 |
| 2025-05 | -16.3 | -23.0 | 4.8 |
| 2025-04 | -21.4 | -27.9 | -7.1 |
| 2025-03 | -23.2 | -33.7 | 4.9 |
| 2025-02 | -20.3 | -38.7 | 6.0 |
| 2025-01 | -17.1 | -34.1 | 7.2 |
| 2024-12 | -18.8 | -37.6 | 3.4 |
| 2024-11 | -15.8 | -35.8 | 3.6 |
| 2024-10 | -18.3 | -36.7 | 1.5 |
| 2024-09 | -17.2 | -35.7 | -0.5 |
| 2024-08 | -12.4 | -34.6 | 3.4 |
| 2024-07 | -20.4 | -36.4 | -0.4 |
| 2024-06 | -13.5 | -34.5 | 1.6 |
| 2024-05 | -14.5 | -35.4 | 4.0 |
| 2024-04 | -13.5 | -36.5 | -2.5 |
| 2024-03 | -9.3 | -33.9 | 7.8 |
| 2024-02 | -10.2 | -31.2 | 12.9 |
| 2024-01 | -13.5 | -35.8 | 17.5 |
| 2023-12 | -10.7 | -31.4 | 8.4 |
| 2023-11 | -8.5 | -29.7 | 7.6 |
| 2023-10 | -6.4 | -32.5 | 9.8 |
| 2023-09 | -5.6 | -25.1 | 13.4 |
| 2023-08 | 0.9 | -23.7 | 10.9 |
| 2023-07 | 0.5 | -25.1 | 10.1 |
| 2023-06 | -3.8 | -13.2 | 10.4 |
| 2023-05 | -2.8 | -24.2 | 6.3 |
| 2023-04 | -1.5 | -15.8 | 13.7 |
| 2023-03 | -4.1 | -15.2 | 10.8 |
| 2023-02 | 0.4 | -13.0 | 15.1 |
| 2023-01 | 1.5 | -11.8 | 24.2 |
| 2022-12 | 1.8 | -9.4 | 18.1 |
| 2022-11 | 1.0 | -10.8 | 12.7 |
| 2022-10 | 1.5 | -7.3 | 16.6 |
| 2022-09 | -0.5 | -7.0 | 13.8 |
| 2022-08 | -4.3 | -5.3 | 15.6 |
| 2022-07 | -2.7 | -9.2 | 14.4 |
| 2022-06 | -2.7 | -4.7 | 7.7 |
| 2022-05 | 1.6 | -2.5 | 15.6 |
| 2022-04 | -3.1 | -2.6 | 23.1 |
| 2022-03 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 15.7 |
| 2022-02 | 8.3 | 6.5 | 16.0 |
| 2022-01 | 9.1 | 5.4 | 11.1 |
| 2021-12 | 11.2 | 14.8 | 19.3 |
| 2021-11 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 21.1 |
| 2021-10 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 16.8 |
| 2021-09 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 20.3 |
| 2021-08 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 16.5 |
| 2021-07 | 2.1 | 11.0 | 16.0 |
| 2021-06 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 19.3 |
| 2021-05 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 21.2 |
| 2021-04 | -4.0 | 4.1 | 15.2 |
| 2021-03 | -0.6 | 3.8 | 16.4 |
| 2021-02 | -5.9 | -7.0 | 7.3 |
| 2021-01 | -12.1 | 1.9 | 3.8 |
| 2020-12 | -10.6 | 2.2 | 4.9 |
| 2020-11 | -9.6 | -16.4 | -16.5 |
| 2020-10 | -8.7 | 6.2 | 2.8 |
| 2020-09 | -2.4 | 1.9 | -3.9 |
| 2020-08 | -3.6 | 4.1 | 43.1 |
| 2020-07 | 12.0 | 10.7 | 61.9 |
| 2020-06 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 25.9 |
| 2020-05 | -44.8 | -45.9 | -13.3 |
| 2020-04 | -93.8 | -87.5 | -55.4 |
| 2020-03 | 4.4 | -5.8 | 15.0 |
| 2020-02 | 7.8 | 0.6 | 12.1 |
| 2020-01 | 5.5 | 4.0 | 8.4 |
| 2019-12 | -2.2 | 4.5 | 9.6 |
| 2019-11 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 10.6 |
| 2019-10 | 9.1 | 13.5 | 11.0 |
| 2019-09 | 10.7 | 4.1 | 13.2 |
| 2019-08 | 11.7 | 1.6 | 12.5 |
| 2019-07 | 13.5 | 0.7 | 13.3 |
| 2019-06 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 17.8 |
| 2019-05 | 13.6 | 2.0 | 15.4 |
| 2019-04 | 20.2 | 0.4 | 12.7 |
| 2019-03 | 12.7 | 0.7 | 14.2 |
| 2019-02 | 12.4 | 1.4 | 15.6 |
| 2019-01 | 14.8 | 2.8 | 13.3 |
| 2018-12 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 10.3 |
| 2018-11 | 8.1 | 4.9 | 11.5 |
| 2018-10 | 9.3 | -1.4 | 13.9 |
| 2018-09 | 6.7 | -2.9 | 11.3 |
| 2018-08 | 5.1 | -1.9 | 11.2 |
| 2018-07 | 7.7 | 2.9 | 13.5 |
| 2018-06 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 12.6 |
| 2018-05 | 13.9 | 4.1 | 11.9 |
| 2018-04 | 20.1 | 9.8 | 10.0 |
| 2018-03 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 10.1 |
| 2018-02 | 6.2 | 9.9 | 10.7 |
| 2018-01 | 6.9 | 9.1 | 14.5 |
| 2017-12 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 15.4 |
| 2017-11 | 14.6 | 5.8 | 13.6 |
| 2017-10 | 1.7 | 7.2 | 8.1 |
| 2017-09 | 15.1 | 7.5 | 14.8 |
| 2017-08 | 9.2 | 11.6 | 11.7 |
| 2017-07 | 14.9 | 13.4 | 8.2 |
| 2017-06 | -0.1 | 9.8 | -1.2 |
| 2017-05 | 0.5 | 11.8 | 2.1 |
| 2017-04 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 6.4 |
| 2017-03 | -4.5 | 3.3 | 10.9 |
| 2017-02 | -8.9 | 6.3 | 1.5 |
| 2017-01 | -15.7 | 2.6 | 1.2 |
| 2016-12 | -1.9 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
| 2016-11 | 12.4 | -1.3 | 3.2 |
| 2016-10 | 6.7 | 2.0 | 7.6 |
| 2016-09 | -2.3 | 3.5 | 0.6 |
| 2016-08 | -6.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
| 2016-07 | -0.7 | -2.9 | 4.2 |
| 2016-06 | -14.8 | -11.5 | 0.8 |
| 2016-05 | -17.4 | -5.0 | 2.4 |
| 2016-04 | -8.4 | -8.3 | 0.1 |
| 2016-03 | -11.8 | -10.4 | -1.3 |
| 2016-02 | -28.7 | -11.8 | -4.1 |
| 2016-01 | -17.2 | -11.5 | -5.2 |
| 2015-12 | -6.3 | -14.6 | -3.3 |
| 2015-11 | -23.8 | -12.9 | -8.3 |
| 2015-10 | -30.0 | -7.5 | -8.9 |
| 2015-09 | -24.2 | -16.1 | -10.7 |
| 2015-08 | -26.2 | -18.4 | 1.4 |
| 2015-07 | -22.1 | -23.3 | -15.1 |
| 2015-06 | -19.2 | -20.8 | -13.4 |
| 2015-05 | -18.6 | -27.7 | -18.0 |
| 2015-04 | -29.7 | -27.4 | -15.7 |
| 2015-03 | -26.3 | -27.9 | -18.5 |
| 2015-02 | -21.2 | -42.6 | -14.9 |
| 2015-01 | -31.9 | -39.7 | -19.1 |
| 2014-12 | -35.1 | -32.5 | -17.8 |
| 2014-11 | -32.3 | -27.4 | -18.1 |
| 2014-10 | -30.0 | -36.8 | -19.5 |
| 2014-09 | -31.5 | -37.4 | -19.5 |
| 2014-08 | -28.6 | -37.1 | -17.9 |
| 2014-07 | -31.4 | -33.7 | -16.3 |
| 2014-06 | -16.0 | -36.1 | -15.5 |
| 2014-05 | -14.0 | -31.1 | -11.7 |
| 2014-04 | -20.0 | -32.2 | -16.3 |
| 2014-03 | -22.4 | -27.0 | -10.2 |
| 2014-02 | -28.6 | -28.1 | -13.9 |
| 2014-01 | -24.1 | -26.6 | -9.1 |
| 2013-12 | -24.6 | -26.4 | -14.0 |
| 2013-11 | -31.4 | -22.2 | -11.8 |
| 2013-10 | -27.2 | -24.7 | -5.6 |
| 2013-09 | -16.9 | -24.9 | -10.8 |
| 2013-08 | -27.3 | -29.8 | -19.2 |
| 2013-07 | -32.2 | -32.0 | -16.5 |
| 2013-06 | -31.7 | -29.2 | -18.7 |
| 2013-05 | -32.5 | -32.0 | -15.6 |
| 2013-04 | -34.0 | -33.7 | -13.8 |
| 2013-03 | -31.9 | -33.6 | -14.2 |
| 2013-02 | -22.9 | -33.1 | -16.3 |
| 2013-01 | -23.8 | -32.8 | -14.8 |
| 2012-12 | -20.7 | -34.4 | -12.0 |
| 2012-11 | -21.3 | -37.2 | -10.6 |
| 2012-10 | -22.4 | -38.0 | -14.1 |
| 2012-09 | -22.1 | -33.2 | -7.3 |
| 2012-08 | -19.0 | -32.0 | -4.9 |
| 2012-07 | -15.8 | -31.9 | -4.0 |
| 2012-06 | -13.7 | -28.2 | -3.2 |
| 2012-05 | -16.3 | -38.6 | -10.0 |
| 2012-04 | -11.2 | -31.8 | -6.1 |
| 2012-03 | -10.9 | -29.2 | -7.8 |
| 2012-02 | -14.4 | -19.1 | -6.6 |
| 2012-01 | -11.9 | -16.5 | -7.4 |
| 2011-12 | -15.9 | -15.8 | -7.2 |
| 2011-11 | -12.8 | -15.3 | -2.6 |
| 2011-10 | -10.7 | -6.7 | 4.7 |
| 2011-09 | -7.1 | -6.7 | -2.7 |
| 2011-08 | -2.1 | 0.4 | -2.2 |
| 2011-07 | 1.3 | 5.4 | 0.6 |
| 2011-06 | -5.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
| 2011-05 | -3.2 | 3.9 | 3.1 |
| 2011-04 | -3.3 | 13.5 | 1.8 |
| 2011-03 | -4.8 | 9.1 | 2.6 |
| 2011-02 | -3.7 | 7.9 | 8.3 |
| 2011-01 | -5.9 | 5.2 | 3.3 |
| 2010-12 | -7.0 | 14.2 | -2.5 |
| 2010-11 | -2.9 | 2.4 | -1.8 |
| 2010-10 | -10.1 | -0.5 | -3.1 |
| 2010-09 | -17.1 | -4.8 | -20.7 |
| 2010-08 | -21.8 | -17.4 | -1.8 |
| 2010-07 | -27.2 | -11.0 | -4.9 |
| 2010-06 | -30.8 | -12.6 | -7.0 |
| 2010-05 | -32.1 | -13.5 | -5.1 |
| 2010-04 | -33.4 | -14.1 | -6.5 |
| 2010-03 | -32.9 | -17.8 | -7.4 |
| 2010-02 | -31.6 | -19.7 | -6.4 |
| 2010-01 | -34.0 | -19.5 | -8.8 |
| 2009-12 | -30.6 | -18.6 | -8.4 |
| 2009-11 | -29.4 | -20.3 | -10.9 |
| 2009-10 | -30.3 | -27.1 | -9.2 |
| 2009-09 | -34.3 | -31.6 | -11.7 |
| 2009-08 | -38.5 | -36.8 | -15.2 |
| 2009-07 | -39.8 | -39.0 | -17.6 |
| 2009-06 | -42.2 | -44.0 | -18.0 |
| 2009-05 | -41.0 | -39.0 | -21.8 |
| 2009-04 | -40.4 | -43.3 | -19.6 |
| 2009-03 | -38.3 | -48.6 | -20.7 |
| 2009-02 | -39.4 | -65.5 | -29.1 |
| 2009-01 | -27.1 | -53.9 | -13.1 |
| 2008-12 | -35.2 | -51.8 | -13.3 |
| 2008-11 | -31.0 | -44.4 | -10.9 |
| 2008-10 | -24.7 | -48.3 | -7.3 |
| 2008-09 | -14.6 | -27.0 | -2.6 |
| 2008-08 | -8.4 | -25.5 | 0.6 |
| 2008-07 | -1.1 | -23.5 | 2.0 |
| 2008-06 | 3.0 | -20.1 | 4.5 |
| 2008-05 | 11.9 | -9.1 | 7.2 |
| 2008-04 | 15.1 | -9.7 | 10.5 |
| 2008-03 | 13.7 | -0.3 | 25.8 |
| 2008-02 | 17.9 | 1.0 | 17.9 |
| 2008-01 | 8.8 | -1.1 | 12.2 |
| 2007-12 | 16.4 | 4.2 | 18.5 |
| 2007-11 | 14.2 | 3.5 | 14.2 |
| 2007-10 | 17.8 | 8.7 | 15.4 |
| 2007-09 | 21.5 | 9.4 | 14.3 |
| 2007-08 | 21.7 | 8.5 | 15.4 |
| 2007-07 | 22.3 | 9.5 | 17.4 |
| 2007-06 | 24.0 | 13.0 | 18.6 |
| 2007-05 | 21.7 | 8.1 | 20.6 |
| 2007-04 | 16.3 | 8.7 | 19.2 |
| 2007-03 | 13.2 | 9.6 | 14.5 |
| 2007-02 | 19.7 | 13.4 | 15.5 |
| 2007-01 | 23.4 | 17.4 | 19.9 |
| 2006-12 | 26.9 | 9.8 | 14.2 |
| 2006-11 | 24.3 | 15.2 | 14.1 |
| 2006-10 | 19.8 | 14.9 | 15.1 |
| 2006-09 | 14.7 | 14.1 | 12.3 |
| 2006-08 | 11.4 | 16.5 | 13.1 |
| 2006-07 | 8.9 | 20.1 | 14.2 |
| 2006-06 | 9.7 | 15.7 | 12.6 |
| 2006-05 | 10.7 | 13.4 | 13.7 |
| 2006-04 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 10.5 |
| 2006-03 | 15.9 | 20.1 | 12.4 |
| 2006-02 | 16.3 | 19.0 | 13.0 |
| 2006-01 | 14.4 | 22.4 | 11.7 |
| 2005-12 | 17.8 | 26.1 | 13.2 |
| 2005-11 | 15.5 | 25.8 | 14.2 |
| 2005-10 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 11.5 |
| 2005-09 | 4.9 | 14.0 | 9.5 |
| 2005-08 | 5.4 | 13.3 | 8.0 |
| 2005-07 | 7.4 | 13.2 | 6.8 |
| 2005-06 | 8.1 | 21.1 | 12.3 |
| 2005-05 | 5.0 | 17.1 | 6.6 |
| 2005-04 | 11.2 | 18.8 | 6.0 |
| 2005-03 | 8.7 | 16.1 | 5.7 |
| 2005-02 | -4.6 | 14.7 | 7.9 |
| 2005-01 | -10.8 | 11.9 | 9.1 |
graphiqueExpected activity in the building construction
- Source: INSEE.
The balance of opinion on order books has declined again
In November 2025, the balance of opinion relating to the level of building construction managers' order books has decreased again, well below its long-term average. It reaches its lowest level since December 2016, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
The production capacity utilisation rate has fallen back sharply
In November 2025, 36% of companies report being at the limit of their production capacity (production bottlenecks), meaning that they would not be able to produce more with their current resources even if they received more orders. Down by 3 percentage points, this share has moved closer to its long-term average (35%).
The production capacity utilisation rate has strongly fallen back. At 89.0%, it stands at its long-term average.
Business managers are slightly fewer than the previous month to report facing obstacles limiting their production: at 59%, this proportion has deviated from its long-term average. Also, fewer contractors than in the previous month report facing insufficient demand (37%), a share still above its long-term average. They are however slightly more numerous than the last month to report not being able to increase production due to workforce shortages: at 27%, this proportion has moved closer to its long-term average.
22% of companies report experiencing supply-side difficulties only and 19% demand-side difficulties only, both proportions remaining stable compared to October.
tableauType of difficulties encountered by companies
| Demand difficulties only | Supply difficulties only | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025-11 | 19.2 | 21.9 |
| 2025-10 | 18.9 | 22.0 |
| 2025-09 | 18.2 | 22.0 |
| 2025-08 | 19.3 | 24.6 |
| 2025-07 | 19.4 | 24.0 |
| 2025-06 | 18.6 | 22.6 |
| 2025-05 | 20.2 | 20.9 |
| 2025-04 | 20.8 | 21.2 |
| 2025-03 | 20.5 | 22.5 |
| 2025-02 | 19.3 | 22.3 |
| 2025-01 | 17.8 | 23.8 |
| 2024-12 | 18.3 | 23.9 |
| 2024-11 | 19.6 | 24.2 |
| 2024-10 | 17.3 | 26.2 |
| 2024-09 | 17.8 | 25.2 |
| 2024-08 | 16.2 | 27.1 |
| 2024-07 | 13.7 | 28.4 |
| 2024-06 | 16.5 | 30.3 |
| 2024-05 | 15.3 | 29.3 |
| 2024-04 | 13.8 | 29.6 |
| 2024-03 | 13.1 | 28.9 |
| 2024-02 | 12.9 | 31.0 |
| 2024-01 | 12.4 | 31.7 |
| 2023-12 | 14.2 | 31.2 |
| 2023-11 | 12.5 | 32.7 |
| 2023-10 | 9.6 | 36.2 |
| 2023-09 | 9.8 | 37.9 |
| 2023-08 | 9.7 | 39.3 |
| 2023-07 | 8.6 | 39.0 |
| 2023-06 | 9.3 | 41.1 |
| 2023-05 | 7.8 | 41.6 |
| 2023-04 | 7.1 | 43.8 |
| 2023-03 | 7.3 | 42.9 |
| 2023-02 | 6.2 | 46.1 |
| 2023-01 | 5.8 | 46.6 |
| 2022-12 | 4.7 | 48.0 |
| 2022-11 | 4.7 | 49.4 |
| 2022-10 | 4.8 | 52.9 |
| 2022-09 | 5.3 | 49.8 |
| 2022-08 | 6.1 | 51.7 |
| 2022-07 | 6.8 | 51.6 |
| 2022-06 | 4.4 | 51.3 |
| 2022-05 | 4.2 | 54.3 |
| 2022-04 | 4.5 | 53.5 |
| 2022-03 | 6.1 | 54.0 |
| 2022-02 | 5.5 | 50.4 |
| 2022-01 | 6.9 | 53.1 |
| 2021-12 | 6.5 | 56.3 |
| 2021-11 | 8.3 | 51.6 |
| 2021-10 | 6.3 | 51.5 |
| 2021-09 | 8.4 | 50.8 |
| 2021-08 | 9.2 | 51.5 |
| 2021-07 | 8.1 | 48.8 |
| 2021-06 | 9.0 | 45.6 |
| 2021-05 | 10.5 | 41.6 |
| 2021-04 | 12.5 | 41.0 |
| 2021-03 | 12.6 | 39.0 |
| 2021-02 | 13.9 | 35.2 |
| 2021-01 | 13.0 | 34.2 |
| 2020-12 | 12.4 | 32.2 |
| 2020-11 | 15.4 | 38.4 |
| 2020-10 | 14.2 | 36.3 |
| 2020-09 | 14.3 | 36.1 |
| 2020-08 | 13.7 | 37.4 |
| 2020-07 | 13.0 | 38.3 |
| 2020-06 | 11.7 | 43.9 |
| 2020-05 | 3.4 | 56.9 |
| 2020-04 | 2.1 | 63.9 |
| 2020-03 | 7.8 | 41.6 |
| 2020-02 | 10.2 | 41.9 |
| 2020-01 | 10.6 | 43.1 |
| 2019-12 | 11.0 | 42.4 |
| 2019-11 | 11.0 | 41.3 |
| 2019-10 | 11.0 | 45.9 |
| 2019-09 | 11.2 | 44.9 |
| 2019-08 | 11.3 | 44.3 |
| 2019-07 | 11.3 | 45.1 |
| 2019-06 | 10.8 | 43.4 |
| 2019-05 | 11.5 | 42.0 |
| 2019-04 | 11.3 | 41.2 |
| 2019-03 | 13.8 | 40.4 |
| 2019-02 | 14.0 | 41.0 |
| 2019-01 | 12.0 | 37.3 |
| 2018-12 | 16.0 | 40.7 |
| 2018-11 | 15.6 | 37.9 |
| 2018-10 | 17.4 | 36.1 |
| 2018-09 | 17.2 | 36.3 |
| 2018-08 | 16.7 | 35.3 |
| 2018-07 | 16.4 | 34.3 |
| 2018-06 | 18.7 | 34.5 |
| 2018-05 | 18.6 | 33.0 |
| 2018-04 | 16.2 | 35.0 |
| 2018-03 | 18.9 | 30.6 |
| 2018-02 | 18.8 | 29.5 |
| 2018-01 | 20.4 | 28.7 |
| 2017-12 | 20.6 | 28.8 |
| 2017-11 | 22.0 | 28.4 |
| 2017-10 | 21.2 | 26.3 |
| 2017-09 | 20.9 | 23.7 |
| 2017-08 | 23.7 | 23.0 |
| 2017-07 | 22.3 | 22.8 |
| 2017-06 | 25.5 | 20.4 |
| 2017-05 | 27.2 | 22.0 |
| 2017-04 | 28.6 | 19.5 |
| 2017-03 | 27.1 | 18.7 |
| 2017-02 | 26.7 | 17.5 |
| 2017-01 | 28.1 | 18.4 |
| 2016-12 | 31.4 | 18.1 |
| 2016-11 | 31.5 | 17.2 |
| 2016-10 | 32.9 | 16.2 |
| 2016-09 | 34.0 | 16.7 |
| 2016-08 | 33.4 | 16.1 |
| 2016-07 | 34.9 | 13.8 |
| 2016-06 | 36.6 | 14.3 |
| 2016-05 | 37.8 | 13.3 |
| 2016-04 | 37.3 | 13.4 |
| 2016-03 | 38.2 | 15.7 |
| 2016-02 | 37.0 | 14.5 |
| 2016-01 | 38.6 | 12.6 |
| 2015-12 | 40.0 | 13.5 |
| 2015-11 | 39.5 | 13.1 |
| 2015-10 | 39.9 | 13.9 |
| 2015-09 | 38.4 | 13.8 |
| 2015-08 | 35.9 | 14.5 |
| 2015-07 | 37.6 | 12.8 |
| 2015-06 | 37.7 | 13.5 |
| 2015-05 | 37.7 | 12.5 |
| 2015-04 | 37.6 | 11.5 |
| 2015-03 | 38.5 | 12.9 |
| 2015-02 | 37.5 | 12.9 |
| 2015-01 | 38.7 | 12.8 |
| 2014-12 | 39.3 | 13.7 |
| 2014-11 | 36.5 | 13.7 |
| 2014-10 | 37.5 | 15.0 |
| 2014-09 | 33.6 | 14.6 |
| 2014-08 | 32.3 | 15.7 |
| 2014-07 | 32.8 | 15.3 |
| 2014-06 | 32.8 | 15.0 |
| 2014-05 | 31.9 | 15.8 |
| 2014-04 | 31.2 | 15.3 |
| 2014-03 | 31.3 | 16.0 |
| 2014-02 | 32.6 | 16.1 |
| 2014-01 | 31.3 | 18.3 |
| 2013-12 | 32.5 | 19.0 |
| 2013-11 | 32.6 | 17.3 |
| 2013-10 | 31.8 | 18.3 |
| 2013-09 | 30.3 | 19.3 |
| 2013-08 | 29.2 | 19.2 |
| 2013-07 | 27.4 | 18.9 |
| 2013-06 | 27.9 | 18.6 |
| 2013-05 | 29.0 | 17.3 |
| 2013-04 | 28.8 | 17.0 |
| 2013-03 | 28.2 | 17.8 |
| 2013-02 | 26.6 | 17.4 |
| 2013-01 | 27.0 | 18.4 |
| 2012-12 | 27.4 | 15.6 |
| 2012-11 | 27.1 | 16.2 |
| 2012-10 | 28.6 | 18.3 |
| 2012-09 | 27.2 | 17.5 |
| 2012-08 | 27.4 | 17.9 |
| 2012-07 | 22.5 | 20.0 |
| 2012-06 | 24.1 | 19.4 |
| 2012-05 | 28.1 | 20.1 |
| 2012-04 | 25.3 | 21.9 |
| 2012-03 | 22.1 | 21.3 |
| 2012-02 | 12.0 | 9.6 |
| 2012-01 | 16.9 | 12.0 |
| 2011-12 | 14.0 | 10.4 |
| 2011-11 | 16.0 | 10.8 |
| 2011-10 | 17.7 | 12.4 |
| 2011-09 | 14.1 | 8.4 |
| 2011-08 | 15.3 | 10.2 |
| 2011-07 | 17.8 | 11.5 |
| 2011-06 | 13.9 | 9.8 |
| 2011-05 | 14.9 | 10.6 |
| 2011-04 | 20.6 | 13.7 |
| 2011-03 | 15.5 | 10.3 |
| 2011-02 | 14.8 | 12.2 |
| 2011-01 | 16.2 | 13.2 |
| 2010-12 | 17.0 | 11.5 |
| 2010-11 | 18.8 | 10.7 |
| 2010-10 | 20.8 | 11.7 |
| 2010-09 | 19.1 | 11.9 |
| 2010-08 | 19.5 | 11.6 |
| 2010-07 | 24.7 | 10.8 |
| 2010-06 | 22.7 | 7.4 |
| 2010-05 | 24.7 | 9.4 |
| 2010-04 | 27.6 | 9.9 |
| 2010-03 | 23.3 | 9.9 |
| 2010-02 | 23.5 | 9.0 |
| 2010-01 | 25.6 | 10.2 |
| 2009-12 | 26.9 | 9.3 |
| 2009-11 | 26.4 | 9.7 |
| 2009-10 | 25.2 | 9.1 |
| 2009-09 | 25.9 | 9.5 |
| 2009-08 | 27.4 | 9.6 |
| 2009-07 | 26.6 | 9.3 |
| 2009-06 | 26.0 | 7.9 |
| 2009-05 | 25.4 | 8.6 |
| 2009-04 | 25.6 | 10.1 |
| 2009-03 | 18.4 | 9.1 |
| 2009-02 | 20.2 | 11.3 |
| 2009-01 | 17.1 | 16.9 |
| 2008-12 | 15.3 | 12.3 |
| 2008-11 | 14.5 | 15.9 |
| 2008-10 | 12.2 | 21.0 |
| 2008-09 | 9.6 | 21.5 |
| 2008-08 | 7.6 | 24.3 |
| 2008-07 | 7.3 | 30.3 |
| 2008-06 | 6.3 | 26.7 |
| 2008-05 | 6.6 | 29.9 |
| 2008-04 | 5.6 | 36.8 |
| 2008-03 | 5.0 | 32.7 |
| 2008-02 | 4.9 | 33.2 |
| 2008-01 | 4.8 | 43.8 |
| 2007-12 | 4.7 | 36.3 |
| 2007-11 | 4.3 | 39.6 |
| 2007-10 | 5.0 | 45.3 |
| 2007-09 | 3.5 | 41.4 |
| 2007-08 | 4.0 | 45.6 |
| 2007-07 | 4.6 | 49.8 |
| 2007-06 | 4.5 | 46.5 |
| 2007-05 | 5.8 | 55.3 |
| 2007-04 | 7.3 | 49.7 |
| 2007-03 | 7.7 | 48.6 |
| 2007-02 | 4.7 | 51.0 |
| 2007-01 | 5.6 | 49.8 |
| 2006-12 | 5.4 | 51.8 |
| 2006-11 | 9.0 | 49.0 |
| 2006-10 | 9.7 | 50.3 |
| 2006-09 | 7.5 | 46.9 |
| 2006-08 | 6.9 | 48.4 |
| 2006-07 | 6.4 | 50.0 |
| 2006-06 | 7.0 | 47.6 |
| 2006-05 | 7.4 | 47.8 |
| 2006-04 | 7.5 | 49.0 |
| 2006-03 | 8.6 | 46.2 |
| 2006-02 | 10.2 | 45.3 |
| 2006-01 | 10.0 | 46.6 |
| 2005-12 | 11.4 | 45.8 |
| 2005-11 | 11.2 | 44.4 |
| 2005-10 | 9.7 | 46.4 |
| 2005-09 | 10.2 | 45.8 |
| 2005-08 | 10.5 | 45.3 |
| 2005-07 | 10.8 | 44.7 |
| 2005-06 | 11.4 | 44.1 |
| 2005-05 | 12.1 | 39.6 |
| 2005-04 | 11.6 | 39.9 |
| 2005-03 | 12.6 | 40.0 |
| 2005-02 | 14.0 | 37.2 |
| 2005-01 | 13.2 | 38.0 |
graphiqueType of difficulties encountered by companies
- Source: INSEE.
The balance of opinion on expected prices has slightly rebounded
In November 2025, the balance of opinion on expected prices has slightly rebounded, after reaching its lowest level since 2017 (excluding the COVID-19 pandemic) in October. It has moved closer to its long-term average.
Opinion on expected workforce size has deteriorated again
In November 2025, entrepreneurs’ balance of opinion on the change in their past workforce has improved and returned to its long-term average. The balance on expected workforce size has deteriorated again for the third consecutive month and has gone back below its long-term average for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic.
tableauWorkforce size tendency in building construction
| Expected workforce size | Past workforce size | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025-11 | -2.1 | -4.2 |
| 2025-10 | -1.4 | -5.4 |
| 2025-09 | 2.7 | -5.8 |
| 2025-08 | 4.4 | -3.3 |
| 2025-07 | 3.9 | -5.2 |
| 2025-06 | 2.5 | -6.5 |
| 2025-05 | 1.7 | -5.8 |
| 2025-04 | -0.5 | -8.8 |
| 2025-03 | 1.1 | -6.5 |
| 2025-02 | -1.2 | -5.6 |
| 2025-01 | 1.4 | -6.3 |
| 2024-12 | -1.4 | -3.0 |
| 2024-11 | 1.4 | -0.5 |
| 2024-10 | 2.0 | -5.2 |
| 2024-09 | 2.7 | -10.4 |
| 2024-08 | 2.3 | -6.2 |
| 2024-07 | 3.0 | -2.4 |
| 2024-06 | 3.9 | -2.7 |
| 2024-05 | 3.1 | -3.4 |
| 2024-04 | 5.4 | -3.9 |
| 2024-03 | 4.5 | -2.6 |
| 2024-02 | 4.6 | -4.1 |
| 2024-01 | 4.4 | -1.8 |
| 2023-12 | 2.2 | -1.3 |
| 2023-11 | 2.5 | -0.9 |
| 2023-10 | 7.1 | -3.5 |
| 2023-09 | 9.8 | 0.1 |
| 2023-08 | 7.7 | 0.9 |
| 2023-07 | 9.6 | 2.1 |
| 2023-06 | 8.3 | 0.3 |
| 2023-05 | 7.8 | -0.2 |
| 2023-04 | 9.2 | -2.3 |
| 2023-03 | 12.5 | 2.2 |
| 2023-02 | 12.4 | 2.9 |
| 2023-01 | 13.1 | 3.4 |
| 2022-12 | 13.3 | 6.0 |
| 2022-11 | 14.1 | 6.2 |
| 2022-10 | 15.8 | 5.5 |
| 2022-09 | 15.4 | -1.0 |
| 2022-08 | 19.5 | -1.6 |
| 2022-07 | 16.0 | -0.3 |
| 2022-06 | 12.5 | 0.7 |
| 2022-05 | 15.7 | 6.6 |
| 2022-04 | 15.7 | 5.4 |
| 2022-03 | 17.0 | 0.3 |
| 2022-02 | 17.1 | 1.6 |
| 2022-01 | 16.8 | 2.6 |
| 2021-12 | 17.1 | 6.7 |
| 2021-11 | 16.9 | 5.4 |
| 2021-10 | 14.8 | 3.2 |
| 2021-09 | 16.6 | 2.4 |
| 2021-08 | 18.0 | 3.2 |
| 2021-07 | 16.0 | 4.1 |
| 2021-06 | 17.2 | 2.7 |
| 2021-05 | 16.9 | 0.5 |
| 2021-04 | 13.6 | 0.8 |
| 2021-03 | 13.0 | -1.1 |
| 2021-02 | 6.6 | -7.3 |
| 2021-01 | 6.1 | -4.8 |
| 2020-12 | 6.1 | -3.5 |
| 2020-11 | 2.3 | -3.9 |
| 2020-10 | 2.8 | -8.1 |
| 2020-09 | 3.8 | -8.3 |
| 2020-08 | 2.0 | -12.7 |
| 2020-07 | 4.6 | -17.5 |
| 2020-06 | -3.1 | -20.7 |
| 2020-05 | -17.6 | -14.9 |
| 2020-04 | -18.8 | -1.0 |
| 2020-03 | 11.8 | 6.9 |
| 2020-02 | 16.1 | 8.0 |
| 2020-01 | 14.5 | 6.5 |
| 2019-12 | 12.1 | 4.4 |
| 2019-11 | 14.3 | 4.3 |
| 2019-10 | 12.5 | 5.6 |
| 2019-09 | 13.5 | 5.3 |
| 2019-08 | 10.6 | 6.6 |
| 2019-07 | 9.6 | 4.6 |
| 2019-06 | 10.3 | 5.2 |
| 2019-05 | 13.2 | 5.9 |
| 2019-04 | 13.1 | 3.8 |
| 2019-03 | 12.3 | 5.9 |
| 2019-02 | 14.8 | 5.7 |
| 2019-01 | 5.9 | 1.7 |
| 2018-12 | 13.2 | 4.9 |
| 2018-11 | 12.6 | 9.1 |
| 2018-10 | 10.5 | 4.8 |
| 2018-09 | 14.9 | 4.9 |
| 2018-08 | 15.0 | 4.0 |
| 2018-07 | 16.7 | 4.6 |
| 2018-06 | 10.7 | 4.3 |
| 2018-05 | 9.6 | 6.7 |
| 2018-04 | 11.3 | 3.8 |
| 2018-03 | 13.0 | 1.0 |
| 2018-02 | 4.2 | -4.7 |
| 2018-01 | 8.8 | -1.5 |
| 2017-12 | 11.3 | 6.8 |
| 2017-11 | 0.8 | -5.8 |
| 2017-10 | 4.8 | -5.2 |
| 2017-09 | 2.0 | -6.7 |
| 2017-08 | 2.1 | -7.4 |
| 2017-07 | 5.7 | -2.2 |
| 2017-06 | 2.7 | -6.5 |
| 2017-05 | -1.3 | -8.2 |
| 2017-04 | -5.2 | -15.4 |
| 2017-03 | -6.5 | -11.1 |
| 2017-02 | -9.0 | -13.4 |
| 2017-01 | -7.2 | -14.3 |
| 2016-12 | -8.3 | -15.2 |
| 2016-11 | -11.2 | -14.7 |
| 2016-10 | -8.3 | -17.4 |
| 2016-09 | -10.5 | -18.5 |
| 2016-08 | -13.2 | -20.9 |
| 2016-07 | -17.2 | -21.0 |
| 2016-06 | -16.4 | -23.8 |
| 2016-05 | -15.9 | -24.0 |
| 2016-04 | -17.9 | -23.5 |
| 2016-03 | -20.4 | -27.1 |
| 2016-02 | -20.8 | -25.8 |
| 2016-01 | -20.3 | -24.7 |
| 2015-12 | -23.3 | -27.4 |
| 2015-11 | -21.3 | -28.3 |
| 2015-10 | -23.2 | -26.6 |
| 2015-09 | -22.1 | -24.9 |
| 2015-08 | -23.2 | -25.1 |
| 2015-07 | -24.7 | -28.7 |
| 2015-06 | -19.9 | -26.4 |
| 2015-05 | -27.3 | -29.9 |
| 2015-04 | -27.3 | -34.5 |
| 2015-03 | -25.3 | -26.7 |
| 2015-02 | -24.5 | -24.9 |
| 2015-01 | -29.4 | -29.3 |
| 2014-12 | -24.3 | -25.7 |
| 2014-11 | -22.5 | -24.8 |
| 2014-10 | -26.0 | -28.6 |
| 2014-09 | -28.1 | -28.7 |
| 2014-08 | -26.9 | -26.6 |
| 2014-07 | -22.1 | -25.5 |
| 2014-06 | -23.4 | -26.4 |
| 2014-05 | -19.2 | -15.4 |
| 2014-04 | -19.3 | -22.7 |
| 2014-03 | -18.5 | -18.6 |
| 2014-02 | -21.1 | -19.7 |
| 2014-01 | -19.5 | -19.0 |
| 2013-12 | -17.7 | -16.7 |
| 2013-11 | -16.7 | -18.1 |
| 2013-10 | -10.4 | -13.4 |
| 2013-09 | -14.8 | -18.5 |
| 2013-08 | -16.0 | -19.8 |
| 2013-07 | -17.9 | -18.2 |
| 2013-06 | -18.2 | -18.4 |
| 2013-05 | -19.0 | -16.1 |
| 2013-04 | -13.5 | -14.1 |
| 2013-03 | -18.0 | -17.9 |
| 2013-02 | -15.9 | -17.1 |
| 2013-01 | -15.6 | -14.4 |
| 2012-12 | -16.2 | -13.3 |
| 2012-11 | -14.9 | -10.7 |
| 2012-10 | -14.7 | -10.0 |
| 2012-09 | -16.7 | -15.8 |
| 2012-08 | -14.7 | -11.2 |
| 2012-07 | -15.3 | -11.9 |
| 2012-06 | -11.3 | -7.6 |
| 2012-05 | -12.6 | -8.9 |
| 2012-04 | -9.3 | -8.7 |
| 2012-03 | -9.1 | -6.9 |
| 2012-02 | -3.9 | -5.5 |
| 2012-01 | -3.7 | -4.2 |
| 2011-12 | -5.3 | -6.4 |
| 2011-11 | -7.4 | -8.7 |
| 2011-10 | -6.2 | -2.2 |
| 2011-09 | -0.8 | 2.6 |
| 2011-08 | 3.4 | 3.8 |
| 2011-07 | 7.7 | 3.3 |
| 2011-06 | 6.8 | 3.3 |
| 2011-05 | 7.3 | -0.3 |
| 2011-04 | 4.9 | 0.2 |
| 2011-03 | 3.6 | -3.1 |
| 2011-02 | 3.1 | -5.1 |
| 2011-01 | -1.3 | -4.2 |
| 2010-12 | -1.7 | -4.4 |
| 2010-11 | -3.8 | -7.6 |
| 2010-10 | -7.8 | -11.9 |
| 2010-09 | -7.7 | -11.0 |
| 2010-08 | -11.3 | -12.0 |
| 2010-07 | -13.4 | -10.8 |
| 2010-06 | -15.4 | -15.8 |
| 2010-05 | -14.6 | -14.0 |
| 2010-04 | -14.0 | -16.6 |
| 2010-03 | -13.1 | -16.8 |
| 2010-02 | -15.8 | -17.2 |
| 2010-01 | -12.8 | -18.3 |
| 2009-12 | -14.5 | -18.8 |
| 2009-11 | -15.3 | -18.8 |
| 2009-10 | -15.9 | -19.2 |
| 2009-09 | -17.1 | -19.1 |
| 2009-08 | -19.0 | -19.2 |
| 2009-07 | -20.3 | -20.7 |
| 2009-06 | -20.1 | -17.9 |
| 2009-05 | -20.2 | -17.9 |
| 2009-04 | -20.9 | -18.5 |
| 2009-03 | -22.4 | -12.8 |
| 2009-02 | -17.9 | -8.2 |
| 2009-01 | -16.9 | -8.7 |
| 2008-12 | -12.5 | -2.3 |
| 2008-11 | -8.7 | -0.9 |
| 2008-10 | -1.4 | 5.8 |
| 2008-09 | 4.8 | 5.9 |
| 2008-08 | 9.5 | 9.3 |
| 2008-07 | 11.9 | 13.4 |
| 2008-06 | 13.8 | 13.6 |
| 2008-05 | 15.5 | 12.9 |
| 2008-04 | 23.1 | 21.1 |
| 2008-03 | 22.3 | 23.0 |
| 2008-02 | 15.9 | 21.4 |
| 2008-01 | 19.9 | 22.6 |
| 2007-12 | 21.5 | 21.0 |
| 2007-11 | 26.7 | 21.7 |
| 2007-10 | 23.1 | 16.6 |
| 2007-09 | 24.2 | 22.1 |
| 2007-08 | 24.6 | 21.8 |
| 2007-07 | 25.4 | 21.6 |
| 2007-06 | 28.6 | 23.4 |
| 2007-05 | 25.5 | 20.2 |
| 2007-04 | 22.9 | 20.6 |
| 2007-03 | 24.6 | 20.5 |
| 2007-02 | 25.3 | 21.4 |
| 2007-01 | 27.0 | 19.2 |
| 2006-12 | 26.3 | 18.5 |
| 2006-11 | 23.8 | 19.8 |
| 2006-10 | 26.1 | 21.6 |
| 2006-09 | 24.4 | 21.7 |
| 2006-08 | 22.2 | 21.1 |
| 2006-07 | 20.3 | 20.4 |
| 2006-06 | 21.8 | 17.9 |
| 2006-05 | 20.5 | 18.2 |
| 2006-04 | 18.2 | 16.0 |
| 2006-03 | 19.3 | 13.3 |
| 2006-02 | 20.2 | 19.9 |
| 2006-01 | 18.4 | 18.9 |
| 2005-12 | 17.0 | 12.7 |
| 2005-11 | 19.5 | 11.4 |
| 2005-10 | 15.9 | 9.7 |
| 2005-09 | 13.7 | 7.9 |
| 2005-08 | 15.2 | 6.0 |
| 2005-07 | 16.9 | 3.9 |
| 2005-06 | 14.0 | 8.1 |
| 2005-05 | 14.2 | 6.7 |
| 2005-04 | 15.2 | 6.9 |
| 2005-03 | 12.5 | 5.5 |
| 2005-02 | 9.5 | 0.0 |
| 2005-01 | 9.2 | 0.7 |
graphiqueWorkforce size tendency in building construction
- Source: INSEE.
Revisions
The business climate in the building construction industry of October 2025 has not been revised (after rounding).
For further information
For questions with three possible answers, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the percentage of “above the normal” or “increase” responses and the percentage of “below the normal” or “decrease” responses.
The responses to this survey were collected between 28 October and 18 November 2025; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
All the balances of opinion from this survey are included in this publication and are available in the complementary chronological series published online.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised European Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) are available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 18 December 2025 at 8:45 am.
Documentation
Methodology note (in french) (pdf,217 Ko)
Changes to business tendency surveys – October 2021 (pdf,181 Ko)
Pour en savoir plus
For questions with three possible answers, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the percentage of “above the normal” or “increase” responses and the percentage of “below the normal” or “decrease” responses.
The responses to this survey were collected between 28 October and 18 November 2025; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
All the balances of opinion from this survey are included in this publication and are available in the complementary chronological series published online.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised European Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) are available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 18 December 2025 at 8:45 am.