Once fully implemented, the new social and tax measures introduced in 2023 reduced the standard of living of people living in Metropolitan France by an average of 0.2, compared with a situation where the new measures for the year would not have been implemented and the exceptional measures for the previous year would have been renewed. The average loss reached 50 euros per person and per year. The reduction in exceptional measures in 2023 compared with 2022 represented a drop of 120 euros. Conversely, the new permanent measures, in particular the final stage of the exemption of the housing tax, rose living standards by an average of 70 euros.

For the poorest 10% of people, the measures of 2023 resulted in an average annual loss of 290 euros in standard of living, or -2.7%, mainly due to the non-renewal of most of the exceptional measures to support purchasing power taken in 2022. At the other end of the distribution, the measures of 2023 boosted the standard of living of the wealthiest 10% by an average of 280 euros a year (+0.4%), mainly as a result of the exemption of the housing tax.