Informations Rapides ·
22 October 2026 · n° 256
In October 2026, the business climate in services has improved slightly Monthly survey of services - October 2026
According to business managers surveyed in October 2026, the business climate in services has improved slightly. At 99, the synthetic indicator has gained one point and has moved closer to its long-term average (100).
In October 2026, the stratification of questions related to investments in this survey has been updated using the same method as the one applied last July for the other questions. These changes have introduced a revision of investment balances, which have been backdated since July 2022. The impact of these changes on the quarterly balances of expected investments in services has been at most +4 points.
According to business managers surveyed in October 2026, the business climate in services has improved slightly. At 99, the synthetic indicator has gained one point and has moved closer to its long-term average (100).
tableauFrench business climate composite indicator
| French business climate composite indicator | |
|---|---|
| 2026-10 | 99.3 |
| 2026-09 | 97.8 |
| 2026-08 | 99.1 |
| 2026-07 | 99.0 |
| 2026-06 | 96.2 |
| 2026-05 | 95.3 |
| 2026-04 | 95.7 |
| 2026-03 | 98.2 |
| 2026-02 | 99.0 |
| 2026-01 | 99.2 |
| 2025-12 | 97.9 |
| 2025-11 | 98.0 |
| 2025-10 | 96.1 |
| 2025-09 | 97.9 |
| 2025-08 | 96.4 |
| 2025-07 | 96.7 |
| 2025-06 | 95.4 |
| 2025-05 | 95.0 |
| 2025-04 | 98.3 |
| 2025-03 | 97.0 |
| 2025-02 | 97.3 |
| 2025-01 | 95.8 |
| 2024-12 | 96.2 |
| 2024-11 | 97.6 |
| 2024-10 | 101.0 |
| 2024-09 | 98.3 |
| 2024-08 | 98.3 |
| 2024-07 | 96.1 |
| 2024-06 | 101.8 |
| 2024-05 | 103.2 |
| 2024-04 | 100.6 |
| 2024-03 | 102.3 |
| 2024-02 | 99.6 |
| 2024-01 | 101.4 |
| 2023-12 | 100.5 |
| 2023-11 | 99.5 |
| 2023-10 | 100.4 |
| 2023-09 | 100.5 |
| 2023-08 | 102.1 |
| 2023-07 | 102.4 |
| 2023-06 | 102.3 |
| 2023-05 | 102.0 |
| 2023-04 | 103.9 |
| 2023-03 | 103.7 |
| 2023-02 | 105.3 |
| 2023-01 | 104.7 |
| 2022-12 | 104.3 |
| 2022-11 | 104.1 |
| 2022-10 | 105.5 |
| 2022-09 | 105.4 |
| 2022-08 | 106.8 |
| 2022-07 | 106.1 |
| 2022-06 | 107.2 |
| 2022-05 | 109.3 |
| 2022-04 | 109.1 |
| 2022-03 | 108.5 |
| 2022-02 | 112.0 |
| 2022-01 | 105.3 |
| 2021-12 | 107.8 |
| 2021-11 | 114.7 |
| 2021-10 | 113.7 |
| 2021-09 | 110.2 |
| 2021-08 | 109.0 |
| 2021-07 | 111.0 |
| 2021-06 | 112.8 |
| 2021-05 | 107.3 |
| 2021-04 | 91.5 |
| 2021-03 | 93.2 |
| 2021-02 | 86.7 |
| 2021-01 | 90.6 |
| 2020-12 | 89.1 |
| 2020-11 | 74.8 |
| 2020-10 | 87.0 |
| 2020-09 | 93.2 |
| 2020-08 | 93.3 |
| 2020-07 | 88.2 |
| 2020-06 | 76.8 |
| 2020-05 | 47.5 |
| 2020-04 | 36.2 |
| 2020-03 | 91.8 |
| 2020-02 | 105.8 |
| 2020-01 | 106.3 |
| 2019-12 | 107.1 |
| 2019-11 | 106.4 |
| 2019-10 | 105.7 |
| 2019-09 | 105.6 |
| 2019-08 | 105.3 |
| 2019-07 | 104.9 |
| 2019-06 | 106.0 |
| 2019-05 | 106.4 |
| 2019-04 | 106.5 |
| 2019-03 | 105.2 |
| 2019-02 | 103.6 |
| 2019-01 | 103.7 |
| 2018-12 | 102.2 |
| 2018-11 | 103.9 |
| 2018-10 | 103.4 |
| 2018-09 | 104.7 |
| 2018-08 | 104.4 |
| 2018-07 | 104.8 |
| 2018-06 | 104.7 |
| 2018-05 | 104.7 |
| 2018-04 | 106.7 |
| 2018-03 | 107.3 |
| 2018-02 | 106.9 |
| 2018-01 | 107.6 |
| 2017-12 | 109.2 |
| 2017-11 | 107.7 |
| 2017-10 | 107.0 |
| 2017-09 | 106.7 |
| 2017-08 | 106.7 |
| 2017-07 | 104.1 |
| 2017-06 | 103.3 |
| 2017-05 | 103.0 |
| 2017-04 | 103.7 |
| 2017-03 | 103.3 |
| 2017-02 | 103.0 |
| 2017-01 | 101.5 |
| 2016-12 | 103.9 |
| 2016-11 | 101.1 |
| 2016-10 | 100.9 |
| 2016-09 | 101.0 |
| 2016-08 | 100.3 |
| 2016-07 | 100.5 |
| 2016-06 | 99.2 |
| 2016-05 | 101.0 |
| 2016-04 | 98.3 |
| 2016-03 | 99.7 |
| 2016-02 | 100.1 |
| 2016-01 | 100.2 |
| 2015-12 | 97.1 |
| 2015-11 | 99.4 |
| 2015-10 | 99.6 |
| 2015-09 | 97.6 |
| 2015-08 | 98.7 |
| 2015-07 | 97.6 |
| 2015-06 | 97.0 |
| 2015-05 | 95.4 |
| 2015-04 | 93.9 |
| 2015-03 | 92.3 |
| 2015-02 | 91.3 |
| 2015-01 | 91.0 |
| 2014-12 | 91.2 |
| 2014-11 | 91.0 |
| 2014-10 | 91.1 |
| 2014-09 | 90.8 |
| 2014-08 | 91.4 |
| 2014-07 | 92.4 |
| 2014-06 | 92.1 |
| 2014-05 | 92.0 |
| 2014-04 | 93.1 |
| 2014-03 | 93.0 |
| 2014-02 | 92.0 |
| 2014-01 | 92.1 |
| 2013-12 | 90.6 |
| 2013-11 | 92.3 |
| 2013-10 | 91.6 |
| 2013-09 | 92.3 |
| 2013-08 | 88.4 |
| 2013-07 | 86.2 |
| 2013-06 | 85.7 |
| 2013-05 | 84.4 |
| 2013-04 | 83.0 |
| 2013-03 | 83.7 |
| 2013-02 | 87.0 |
| 2013-01 | 88.1 |
| 2012-12 | 86.8 |
| 2012-11 | 85.0 |
| 2012-10 | 85.9 |
| 2012-09 | 87.0 |
| 2012-08 | 87.0 |
| 2012-07 | 89.4 |
| 2012-06 | 89.8 |
| 2012-05 | 91.9 |
| 2012-04 | 95.6 |
| 2012-03 | 93.1 |
| 2012-02 | 91.7 |
| 2012-01 | 92.3 |
| 2011-12 | 94.6 |
| 2011-11 | 95.1 |
| 2011-10 | 97.4 |
| 2011-09 | 98.3 |
| 2011-08 | 100.7 |
| 2011-07 | 105.2 |
| 2011-06 | 107.7 |
| 2011-05 | 108.0 |
| 2011-04 | 109.6 |
| 2011-03 | 111.3 |
| 2011-02 | 109.9 |
| 2011-01 | 107.7 |
| 2010-12 | 107.4 |
| 2010-11 | 105.1 |
| 2010-10 | 103.0 |
| 2010-09 | 101.8 |
| 2010-08 | 100.8 |
| 2010-07 | 99.2 |
| 2010-06 | 98.4 |
| 2010-05 | 99.6 |
| 2010-04 | 98.0 |
| 2010-03 | 94.5 |
| 2010-02 | 94.2 |
| 2010-01 | 94.0 |
| 2009-12 | 92.6 |
| 2009-11 | 92.2 |
| 2009-10 | 90.7 |
| 2009-09 | 87.4 |
| 2009-08 | 83.8 |
| 2009-07 | 81.2 |
| 2009-06 | 77.1 |
| 2009-05 | 72.1 |
| 2009-04 | 67.7 |
| 2009-03 | 67.5 |
| 2009-02 | 72.9 |
| 2009-01 | 74.1 |
| 2008-12 | 76.9 |
| 2008-11 | 80.0 |
| 2008-10 | 84.2 |
| 2008-09 | 93.2 |
| 2008-08 | 95.1 |
| 2008-07 | 96.7 |
| 2008-06 | 101.5 |
| 2008-05 | 104.8 |
| 2008-04 | 107.4 |
| 2008-03 | 109.2 |
| 2008-02 | 109.2 |
| 2008-01 | 111.2 |
| 2007-12 | 109.6 |
| 2007-11 | 110.9 |
| 2007-10 | 110.8 |
| 2007-09 | 112.2 |
| 2007-08 | 113.1 |
| 2007-07 | 114.1 |
| 2007-06 | 113.3 |
| 2007-05 | 113.6 |
| 2007-04 | 113.8 |
| 2007-03 | 114.2 |
| 2007-02 | 113.4 |
| 2007-01 | 111.7 |
| 2006-12 | 112.3 |
| 2006-11 | 114.1 |
| 2006-10 | 111.6 |
| 2006-09 | 111.6 |
| 2006-08 | 111.4 |
| 2006-07 | 111.3 |
| 2006-06 | 110.1 |
| 2006-05 | 111.6 |
| 2006-04 | 108.6 |
| 2006-03 | 108.3 |
| 2006-02 | 107.1 |
| 2006-01 | 109.7 |
graphiqueFrench business climate composite indicator

- Source: INSEE – monthly business survey in services.
Business manager’s are more optimistic than in the previous month about their personal business outlook
In October 2026, business managers in services are more optimistic than in the previous month about their personal business outlook: the balance of opinion on expected activity has bounced back and has departed from its long-term average; the one on expected demand has also bounced back, slightly, and has returned to its average level. The balance on the sector’s general outlook has edged up slightly but remains below its long-term average for the tenth month in a row. As for the balance on past activity, it has fallen back after two consecutive months of increase and has moved away from its average level.
The balance of opinion on expected workforce size has rebounded slightly and has moved closer to its long-term average. However, the balance about expected workforce size in services except temporary work agencies has markedly decreased et has departed from its long-term average. The balance relating to the past evolution of workforce size in services has also increased somewhat, but remains far below its average level.
The balance on expected selling price changes is stable, while the balance on past selling price changes has edged down slightly. Both remain above their respective long-term average.
The balance on the economic uncertainty felt has increased sharply after three months of stability; it has reached its highest historical level, excluding the COVID 19 pandemic (time series started in April 2021), well above its long-term average.
In October 2026, the share of business managers reporting difficulties in recruitment is stable compared to the previous quarter, above its average.
Business managers are slightly more numerous than in the previous quarter to report both supply and demand difficulties: at 7%, this proportion stands slightly below its long-term average. They are as numerous as in the previous quarter to report only demand difficulties (17%) or only supply difficulties (19%) as obstacles to increasing their activity. Both proportions stand below their respective average.
The quarterly balance of opinion on expected investment trends over the next three months has decreased slightly and has moved away from its average.
The quarterly balance on the cash position has fallen back slightly, but remains above its average level.
tableauEconomic outlook in the services sector
| Average* | July 2026 | Aug. 2026 | Sept. 2026 | Oct. 2026 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite indicator | 100 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 99 |
| General outlook | -7 | -8 | -10 | -10 | -9 |
| Past activity | 1 | -6 | -5 | -1 | -5 |
| Expected activity | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Expected demand | -1 | -1 | 1 | -3 | -1 |
| Past selling prices | -2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Expected selling prices | -1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
| Past employment | 1 | -11 | -8 | -10 | -9 |
| Past employment except temporary work agencies | 0 | -7 | -7 | -9 | -9 |
| Expected employment | 2 | -5 | 0 | -6 | -4 |
| Expected employment except temporary work agencies | -1 | -2 | -1 | -1 | -6 |
| Cash position*** | -11 | -9 | -10 | ||
| Difficulties | |||||
| difficulties of supply and demand (in %)*** | 9 | 5 | 7 | ||
| difficulties of supply only (in %)*** | 23 | 19 | 19 | ||
| difficulties of demand only (in %)*** | 27 | 17 | 17 | ||
| Difficulties in recruitment (in %)*** | 32 | 37 | 37 | ||
| Expected investments*** | 3 | -1 | -2 | ||
| Economic uncertainty felt** | 12 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 21 |
- * Average since 1989 for the composite indicator and since 1988 for the balances of opinion, except general outlook (June 2000) and uncertainty (April 2021).
- ** Balance of opinion not seasonally adjusted.
- *** Balance of opinion from the quarterly section of the survey.
- Source: INSEE, monthly business survey in services.
The business climate in administrative and support services has bounced back sharply
In October 2026, the business climate indicator in information-communication has edged up slightly and has moved closer to its long-term average (100). The balances relating to the expected evolution of demand and activity have increased sharply, the former has reached its long-term average, while the latter has just moved above it. Conversely, the balances relating to the past evolution of activity and workforce size have fallen back strongly.
In professional, scientific and technical activities, the business climate is stable, above its long-term average (100). The balances on past activity and on the sector’s general outlook have fallen back, while the one on expected activity has increased again and has moved away from its long-term average.
In administrative and support services, the business climate indicator has bounced back markedly and has moved closer to its long-term average (100). The forward-looking balances on workforce size and activity have rebounded sharply, with the former returning to its long-term average. The balance on the sector’s general outlook has also resumed increasing and has almost returned to its own.
In accommodation and food services, the business climate has bounced back slightly and has moved closer to its average (100). The balances on expected demand and activity, as well as the one on past workforce size, have increased. Additionally, business managers’ opinion on the sector’s general outlook has improved for the fifth consecutive month. However, the balances on past activity and expected workforce size have decreased again and stand below their respective average.
Finally, the business climate indicator in road freight transport has fallen back markedly and has moved away from its average (100). This decline is mainly due to the strong declines in the forward-looking balances on activity and workforce size, and the sector’s general outlook, which have moved away from their averages. The balance on past activity has rebounded and has returned above its long-term average.
tableauBusiness climate composite indicator and balances of opinion by sub-sector in services
| Aggregated classification (NA 2008) at level A21 | Average* | July 2026 | Aug. 2026 | Sept. 2026 | Oct. 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road freight transport (8%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 100 | 98 | 99 | 95 |
| General outlook | -19 | -18 | -22 | -19 | -28 |
| Past activity | -6 | 3 | 2 | -8 | -1 |
| Expected activity | -7 | -12 | -14 | -5 | -17 |
| Expected demand | -10 | -11 | -16 | -15 | -17 |
| Past employment | -6 | -11 | -2 | -14 | -15 |
| Expected employment | -7 | -8 | -4 | -11 | -20 |
| Accommodation and food service activities (11%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 100 | 101 | 98 | 99 |
| General outlook | -13 | -19 | -14 | -1 | 0 |
| Past activity | -7 | -6 | -4 | -7 | -14 |
| Expected activity | -8 | -1 | 2 | -15 | -9 |
| Expected demand | -9 | -7 | -15 | -24 | -21 |
| Past employment | -5 | -8 | -1 | -7 | -1 |
| Expected employment | -5 | -1 | -4 | -20 | -25 |
| Information and communication (27%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 97 |
| General outlook | 0 | 2 | -2 | -4 | 0 |
| Past activity | 7 | -3 | -7 | 5 | -5 |
| Expected activity | 9 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 10 |
| Expected demand | 9 | -2 | 6 | -5 | 9 |
| Past employment | 5 | -3 | -4 | 0 | -8 |
| Expected employment | 10 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities (24%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 101 | 97 | 101 | 101 |
| General outlook | -8 | -8 | -10 | -7 | -8 |
| Past activity | -1 | -6 | -4 | 2 | -1 |
| Expected activity | -3 | 1 | -6 | -2 | 0 |
| Expected demand | -6 | -4 | -10 | -5 | -6 |
| Past employment | 0 | -6 | -5 | -6 | -6 |
| Expected employment | 0 | -3 | -4 | -1 | -4 |
| Administrative and support service activities (19%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 93 | 98 | 91 | 96 |
| General outlook | -3 | -7 | -5 | -8 | -4 |
| Past activity | 4 | -8 | -6 | -5 | -6 |
| Expected activity | 4 | -4 | 1 | -7 | 2 |
| Expected demand | 2 | -7 | 1 | -10 | -8 |
| Past employment | 6 | -18 | -10 | -8 | -8 |
| Expected employment | 5 | -17 | 3 | -12 | 5 |
- The figures in parentheses indicate the weights used to aggregate the sub-sector balances of opinion. The “other services” sub-sector is not displayed due to its low weight.
- *Composite indicator: average since 1989 (2006 for road transport); balances of opinion: average since 1988, except general outlook since June 2000 (2006 for road transport).
- Source: INSEE, monthly business survey in services.
Revision
The business climate indicator in services of September 2026 has not been revised (after rounding).
For further information
The composite indicators of business climate presented here are estimated independently of one another. Thus, that of the whole services cannot be deduced from the others. The same balances of opinion are included into their calculations, but they are not assigned the same weightings. Also, the indicators are scaled to have a long-run average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. The climate series do not have the same historical beginning, so their standardisation differs slightly. Discrepancies may therefore appear from time to time.
For the three-modality questions, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the weighted percentage of “increase” responses and the weighted percentage of “decrease” responses.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
The responses to this survey were collected between 25 September and 19 October 2026; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 20 November 2026 at 8:45 am.
Documentation
Changes to business tendency surveys – October 2021 (pdf,181 Ko)
Abbreviated methodology (in French) (pdf,193 Ko)
Pour en savoir plus
The composite indicators of business climate presented here are estimated independently of one another. Thus, that of the whole services cannot be deduced from the others. The same balances of opinion are included into their calculations, but they are not assigned the same weightings. Also, the indicators are scaled to have a long-run average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. The climate series do not have the same historical beginning, so their standardisation differs slightly. Discrepancies may therefore appear from time to time.
For the three-modality questions, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the weighted percentage of “increase” responses and the weighted percentage of “decrease” responses.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
The responses to this survey were collected between 25 September and 19 October 2026; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 20 November 2026 at 8:45 am.