Household income and poverty in 2023 Municipality of La Boulaye (71046)
Warning : For reasons of statistical confidentiality, some indicators may not be provided. In light of the methodological changes introduced, the indicators 2023 produced by the Filosofi 2 system are not directly comparable with those produced by Filosofi (reference years 2012 to 2021).
To consult Filosofi indicators 2021, click the link below :
Filosofi 2021
tableauREV T1 - Median standard of living and poverty rate in 2023
| Median standard of living and poverty rate | 2023 |
|---|---|
| Median standard of living (in euros) | s |
| Poverty rate at 60% of the median (in %) | s |
- Note : For reasons of statistical confidentiality (s) or missing data (m), charts and tables may be incomplete.
- Scope : Individuals belonging to tax households living in ordinary dwellings.
- Source : INSEE–DGFiP–Cnaf–Cnav–CCMSA, Localised Social and Fiscal File (Filosofi), geographic reference as of 01/01/2025.
Sources
A presentation of Localised disposable income system (Filosofi) is accessible in the “ Definitions, Methods and Quality” section of the insee.fr site.
Définitions
Household dwelling :
A household, in the dwelling-based sense,
consists of all persons living in the same dwelling that is their usual residence,
regardless of the family relationships between them. A household may consist of a
single person.
In Filosofi 2, individuals are located at their place of residence, i.e. their household
in the dwelling-based sense.
Tax-household :
A tax household is defined as
the grouping of tax units (fiscal households) recorded in the same dwelling (excluding
collective households). Its existence in a given year results from the matching of
an independent income tax return (form 2042)
with the occupation of a known dwelling, identified mainly using the
« Manage My Real Estate Assets’ system » (GMBI).
The concept of a tax household should be distinguished from that of a household in the dwelling-based sense. Some individuals are attached to a tax household but do not systematically belong to the dwelling-based household. This is notably the case for young people or students under 25 who do not live with their parents. Conversely, some individuals present in the dwelling may be absent from the tax household. This is notably the case for adults who are not fiscally linked to the household : au pair workers, students living in rented rooms, family members who are accommodated but not recorded for tax purposes, etc.
In Filosofi, individuals are located at their place of residence, i.e. within their dwelling-based household, but their standard of living corresponds to that of their tax household.
The term tax household refers to all the people included on the same income tax declaration.
There may be several tax households within a single household: for example, an unmarried couple who each fill out their own income tax declaration count as two tax households.
Dwelling-based household :
A household in the dwelling-and-living-unit
sense consists of all persons living in the same dwelling that is their usual residence
and sharing a common budget,
meaning they contribute resources used for household expenditure and/or benefit from
these expenditures.
This concept is used in household surveys and is constructed from questionnaire data.
In Filosofi 2, this concept is approximated as follows :
All persons living in the same dwelling-based household as their tax household constitute a living-unit household.
A person attached to a tax household but residing in a separate ordinary dwelling is considered to form, alone, a living-unit household at their place of residence. This is referred to as a bilocalised person. This is notably the case of students living away from the parental home.
Several living-unit households may coexist within the same dwelling. They then form a single dwelling-based household. This is the case, for example, of several students who are fiscally attached to their parents and share a rented flat.
In Filosofi 2, an individual’s standard of living corresponds to that of their tax household, regardless of their place of residence. This approach is based on the assumption that all resources of individuals belonging to the same tax household are pooled. All persons attached to the same tax household are therefore considered to share a common « budget », even when they do not live in the same dwelling. This processing allows intra-family monetary transfers to be taken into account in the case of young adults living in independent accommodation.
Each living-unit household thus has its own standard of living. There may therefore be different standards of living within the same dwelling-based household.
Consumption unit :
The standard of living is equal to disposable income divided by the number of consumption
units (CU). In Filosofi 2, it is computed at the level of the tax household,
and the equivalence scale used to calculate the number of CUs is based on the OECD
scale, to which an additional
adjustment is applied for bilocalised individuals.
- 1 CU for the first adult in the household ;
- 0,5 CU for each additional person aged 14 or over ;
- 0,3 CU for each child under 14 years of age ;
- + 0,5 CU per person with independent housing relative to their tax household (« bilocalised »).
The standard of living is therefore the same for all individuals within the same tax household.
Disposable income :
Disposable income is the income available to a household for consumption and saving.
It includes net income from employment
after social security contributions, unemployment benefits, pensions, income from
assets (property and financial income),
and other social benefits received, net of direct taxes.
These include income tax, the generalised social contribution (CSG), the contribution to the social debt repayment fund (CRDS), and social levies on income from assets.
Amounts relating to each income component or sub-component, received (or paid) by the tax household, are allocated to living-unit households according to their share of the tax household’s consumption units.
Monetary poverty rate :
Individuals are considered to be in poverty when their standard of living is below
the poverty threshold. In Filosofi, the
poverty threshold is set at 60 % of the median standard of living in metropolitan France.
If a distribution is ordered, the median divides this distribution into two equal parts.
Thus, for a distribution of wages, 50 % of the wages are below the median and 50 % above it.
A large number of economic values have a lower limit but not an upper one. For example, the hourly wage has a lower limit provided by the SMIC, but certain wages can be very high indeed. These high wages pull the mean upwards, despite the fact they are few in number, and the mean is therefore generally higher than the median.
Also, the uncertainty surrounding the extreme values, and in particular high values, has an impact on the mean but does not affect the median. In this respect, the latter is therefore a more reliable indicator.
If a distribution of salaries, income, turnover, etc. are put in order, deciles are the values that divide that distribution into ten equal parts.
As such, for a distribution of salaries :
- the first decile (generally written D1) is the salary below which 10% of salaries are situated ;
- the ninth decile (generally written D9) is the salary below which 90% of salaries are situated.
The first decile is, in the same respect, the salary above which 90% of salaries are situated; the ninth decile is the salary above which 10% of salaries are situated.
Income inter-decile ratios are used to evidence the disparities (or differences) between the richest and the poorest.
The Gini index (or coefficient) is a synthetic indicator that captures the level of inequality for a given variable and population. It varies between 0 (perfect equality) and 1 (extreme inequality). Between 0 and 1, the higher the Gini index, the greater the inequality.
It is equal to 0 in a situation of perfect equality where the variable takes an identical value over the whole population. At the other extreme, it is equal to 1 in the most unequal situation possible, where the variable is equal to 0 over the entire population except for one individual.
Inequality measured in this way can relate to variables such as income, wages, standard of living, etc.
The S80/S20 ratio measures the relative disparity in the distribution of a given order of magnitude (wage, income, standard of living, etc.). For an income distribution, S80/S20 compares the mass of income held by 20 % of the richest persons to that held by 20% of the poorest persons.
Champ
Statistics are disseminated for metropolitan France and Réunion.
The scope covered includes individuals belonging to a tax household. Persons living in collective establishments (prisons, hostels, care homes, etc.), as well as those without a fixed residence or homeless persons, are not included in the scope of Filosofi 2.
Indicators are calculated for individuals belonging to tax households with positive or zero disposable income.
Data for Île-de-Sein and Île-de-Molène are not available.
Géographie
Data are disseminated according to the geographic reference in force on 1 January 2025, but they were constructed using the reference in force on 1 January 2024.
Consequently :
- Due to a municipal split that took place on 01/01/2025, data are not available for the communes of Celles (15031), Chalinargues (15035), Chavagnac (15047), and Sainte-Anastasie (15171). These are included in the data for the commune of Neussargues-Moissac (15141), corresponding to the perimeter of the commune prior to the split.
- For communes that merged between 1 January 2024 and 1 January 2025, indicators are calculated using the pre-merger geographic zoning for the absorbing commune, and then applied to the boundary of the resulting merged commune.
Statistical confidentiality and dissemination threshold
Data from Filosofi are subject to statistical and tax confidentiality.
The dissemination thresholds are based on the tax population (number of persons in tax households). These dissemination thresholds are defined for disposable income indicators based on the total number of persons in the area whose standard of living is positive or zero.
No statistics are disseminated for very small areas (fewer than 100 persons).
Only the median disposable income per consumption unit (or standard of living) is disseminated for slightly larger areas (100 persons or more).
Other indicators are disseminated for larger areas (2,000 persons or more). Indicators may be broken down by socio-demographic characteristics provided that a minimum population of 500 persons is reached. For the poverty rate, it must also be ensured that tax confidentiality requirements are met, namely at least 11 poor individuals and 11 non-poor households.
“Indicators are rounded to ensure minimal uncertainty, in order to preserve secondary statistical confidentiality and avoid any impression of excessive precision. For poverty rates, rounding depends on the population size of the area (to the nearest odd integer for areas with fewer than 2,000 persons; to the nearest unit for areas between 2,000 and 20,000 persons; to one decimal place for areas above 20,000 persons). In addition, when rates fall within the intervals 0 %–3 % and 97 %–100 %, values are truncated to 3 % and 97 % respectively. Amounts in euros are rounded to the nearest ten euros, the Gini index to three decimal places, and other income indicators to one decimal place.
The shares of income components (as well as sub-component shares) are disseminated for areas of 2,000 persons or more, provided that the component (or sub-component) is non-zero for at least 11 living-unit households. If a single component (or sub-component) does not meet this threshold, a second component (or sub-component) is also suppressed. Suppression also applies to at least two sub-components when their sum is lower than the corresponding aggregate share before rounding.