Informations Rapides ·
30 April 2024 · n° 107
Household consumption of goods rose in March 2024 (+0.4%) Household consumption expenditure on goods - March 2024
In March 2024, household consumption expenditure on goods increased over one month (+0.4% in volume* after +0.1% in February 2024 – revised data).
This increase was driven by purchases of engineered goods (+0.8%) and food products (+0.5%). Conversely, energy consumption fell by 0.6%.
Over the first quarter of 2024 as a whole, household consumption of goods was virtually stable (+0.1% after -0.5% in Q4 2023).
In March 2024, household consumption expenditure on goods increased over one month (+0.4% in volume* after +0.1% in February 2024 – revised data).
This increase was driven by purchases of engineered goods (+0.8%) and food products (+0.5%). Conversely, energy consumption fell by 0.6%.
Over the first quarter of 2024 as a whole, household consumption of goods was virtually stable (+0.1% after -0.5% in Q4 2023).
tableauTotal consumption of goods in volume
| Monthly data | |
|---|---|
| 2024-03 | 45.926 |
| 2024-02 | 45.734 |
| 2024-01 | 45.71 |
| 2023-12 | 45.973 |
| 2023-11 | 45.788 |
| 2023-10 | 45.533 |
| 2023-09 | 45.898 |
| 2023-08 | 45.932 |
| 2023-07 | 46.217 |
| 2023-06 | 46.093 |
| 2023-05 | 45.707 |
| 2023-04 | 45.407 |
| 2023-03 | 45.697 |
| 2023-02 | 46.049 |
| 2023-01 | 46.236 |
| 2022-12 | 45.43 |
| 2022-11 | 46.292 |
| 2022-10 | 46.144 |
| 2022-09 | 47.412 |
| 2022-08 | 46.651 |
| 2022-07 | 46.337 |
| 2022-06 | 46.819 |
| 2022-05 | 46.745 |
| 2022-04 | 46.931 |
| 2022-03 | 46.473 |
| 2022-02 | 47.184 |
| 2022-01 | 47.287 |
| 2021-12 | 47.45 |
| 2021-11 | 47.961 |
| 2021-10 | 48.224 |
| 2021-09 | 48.007 |
| 2021-08 | 47.916 |
| 2021-07 | 48.336 |
| 2021-06 | 48.809 |
| 2021-05 | 48.76 |
| 2021-04 | 44.267 |
| 2021-03 | 48.168 |
| 2021-02 | 48.578 |
| 2021-01 | 48.233 |
| 2020-12 | 50.785 |
| 2020-11 | 41.347 |
| 2020-10 | 50.733 |
| 2020-09 | 48.924 |
| 2020-08 | 50.747 |
| 2020-07 | 49.666 |
| 2020-06 | 49.386 |
| 2020-05 | 44.9 |
| 2020-04 | 32.565 |
| 2020-03 | 39.925 |
| 2020-02 | 48.208 |
| 2020-01 | 47.578 |
| 2019-12 | 48.228 |
| 2019-11 | 47.992 |
| 2019-10 | 47.74 |
| 2019-09 | 47.745 |
| 2019-08 | 47.949 |
| 2019-07 | 47.714 |
| 2019-06 | 47.557 |
| 2019-05 | 48.099 |
| 2019-04 | 47.846 |
| 2019-03 | 47.568 |
| 2019-02 | 47.609 |
| 2019-01 | 47.857 |
| 2018-12 | 47.059 |
| 2018-11 | 47.442 |
| 2018-10 | 47.709 |
| 2018-09 | 47.303 |
| 2018-08 | 47.953 |
| 2018-07 | 47.774 |
| 2018-06 | 47.737 |
| 2018-05 | 47.926 |
| 2018-04 | 47.427 |
| 2018-03 | 48.462 |
| 2018-02 | 48.335 |
| 2018-01 | 47.03 |
| 2017-12 | 47.933 |
| 2017-11 | 48.076 |
| 2017-10 | 47.26 |
| 2017-09 | 48.499 |
| 2017-08 | 47.599 |
| 2017-07 | 47.857 |
| 2017-06 | 47.633 |
| 2017-05 | 47.77 |
| 2017-04 | 47.325 |
| 2017-03 | 47.071 |
| 2017-02 | 47.16 |
| 2017-01 | 47.717 |
| 2016-12 | 47.265 |
| 2016-11 | 47.212 |
| 2016-10 | 47.655 |
| 2016-09 | 46.934 |
| 2016-08 | 46.686 |
| 2016-07 | 46.559 |
| 2016-06 | 46.838 |
| 2016-05 | 46.973 |
| 2016-04 | 47.029 |
| 2016-03 | 47.106 |
| 2016-02 | 46.887 |
| 2016-01 | 46.967 |
| 2015-12 | 46.576 |
| 2015-11 | 45.552 |
| 2015-10 | 46.566 |
| 2015-09 | 46.52 |
| 2015-08 | 46.426 |
| 2015-07 | 46.572 |
| 2015-06 | 46.364 |
| 2015-05 | 46.041 |
| 2015-04 | 45.987 |
| 2015-03 | 45.825 |
| 2015-02 | 46.062 |
| 2015-01 | 46.343 |
| 2014-12 | 46.1 |
| 2014-11 | 45.487 |
| 2014-10 | 45.313 |
| 2014-09 | 45.443 |
| 2014-08 | 45.539 |
| 2014-07 | 45.104 |
| 2014-06 | 45.497 |
| 2014-05 | 45.479 |
| 2014-04 | 45.117 |
| 2014-03 | 45.16 |
| 2014-02 | 44.982 |
| 2014-01 | 45.108 |
| 2013-12 | 45.981 |
| 2013-11 | 45.874 |
| 2013-10 | 45.265 |
| 2013-09 | 45.406 |
| 2013-08 | 45.374 |
| 2013-07 | 45.378 |
| 2013-06 | 45.143 |
| 2013-05 | 45.852 |
| 2013-04 | 45.462 |
| 2013-03 | 45.786 |
| 2013-02 | 45.332 |
| 2013-01 | 45.14 |
| 2012-12 | 45.467 |
| 2012-11 | 45.425 |
| 2012-10 | 45.465 |
| 2012-09 | 45.433 |
| 2012-08 | 45.468 |
| 2012-07 | 45.712 |
| 2012-06 | 45.748 |
| 2012-05 | 45.579 |
| 2012-04 | 45.608 |
| 2012-03 | 45.558 |
| 2012-02 | 46.456 |
| 2012-01 | 45.533 |
| 2011-12 | 45.45 |
| 2011-11 | 45.566 |
| 2011-10 | 45.825 |
| 2011-09 | 45.923 |
| 2011-08 | 45.942 |
| 2011-07 | 45.674 |
| 2011-06 | 45.948 |
| 2011-05 | 45.173 |
| 2011-04 | 45.594 |
| 2011-03 | 46.243 |
| 2011-02 | 46.977 |
| 2011-01 | 46.835 |
| 2010-12 | 46.863 |
| 2010-11 | 46.493 |
| 2010-10 | 45.95 |
| 2010-09 | 45.948 |
| 2010-08 | 45.572 |
| 2010-07 | 45.972 |
| 2010-06 | 45.041 |
| 2010-05 | 45.995 |
| 2010-04 | 45.466 |
| 2010-03 | 45.722 |
| 2010-02 | 45.417 |
| 2010-01 | 45.559 |
| 2009-12 | 45.987 |
| 2009-11 | 45.386 |
| 2009-10 | 45.461 |
| 2009-09 | 45.256 |
| 2009-08 | 45.044 |
| 2009-07 | 45.016 |
| 2009-06 | 45.57 |
| 2009-05 | 45.3 |
| 2009-04 | 44.948 |
| 2009-03 | 44.396 |
| 2009-02 | 44.628 |
| 2009-01 | 45.485 |
graphiqueTotal consumption of goods in volume
- Source: INSEE
Engineered goods: further increase
In March 2024, household consumption of engineered goods increased again (+0.8% after +0.6% in February 2024), driven by higher purchases of durable goods and clothing and textiles.
Over the first quarter of 2024 as a whole, consumption of engineered goods fell by 0.6%.
Durable goods: further increase
In March 2024, purchases of durable goods kept rising (+1.0% after +1.6% in February 2024 and -4.6% in January 2024), particularly purchases of new cars which had sharply fallen in January 2024.
Housing equipments consumption fell (-0.5% after +0.2% – revised data) due to a decline in purchases of furniture and household appliances.
Textile-clothing: rebound
In March 2024, spending on clothing and textiles rebounded (+1.3% after -0.5% in February 2024), mainly due to an increase in spending on clothing, as well as, to a lesser extent, on shoes and leather.
Other engineered goods: slight increase
In March 2024, consumption of “other engineered goods” rose slightly (+0.2% after -0.1% in February 2024 – revised data).
tableauBreakdown of engineered goods
| Other engineered goods | Household durables | Transport equipment | Textile-clothing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-03 | 6.782 | 4.085 | 5.856 | 4.107 |
| 2024-02 | 6.771 | 4.104 | 5.738 | 4.052 |
| 2024-01 | 6.78 | 4.096 | 5.61 | 4.073 |
| 2023-12 | 6.762 | 4.02 | 6.167 | 4.054 |
| 2023-11 | 6.732 | 4.122 | 5.858 | 4.085 |
| 2023-10 | 6.721 | 4.078 | 5.804 | 4.017 |
| 2023-09 | 6.724 | 4.087 | 5.767 | 3.985 |
| 2023-08 | 6.739 | 4.059 | 5.836 | 4.013 |
| 2023-07 | 6.743 | 4.29 | 5.705 | 4.103 |
| 2023-06 | 6.723 | 4.003 | 5.58 | 4.098 |
| 2023-05 | 6.655 | 4.015 | 5.668 | 4.129 |
| 2023-04 | 6.684 | 4.024 | 5.694 | 4.075 |
| 2023-03 | 6.678 | 4.062 | 5.593 | 4.069 |
| 2023-02 | 6.706 | 4.029 | 5.635 | 4.127 |
| 2023-01 | 6.72 | 4.083 | 5.525 | 4.108 |
| 2022-12 | 6.758 | 4.019 | 5.404 | 4.154 |
| 2022-11 | 6.743 | 4.166 | 5.516 | 4.132 |
| 2022-10 | 6.74 | 4.164 | 5.409 | 4.152 |
| 2022-09 | 6.752 | 4.337 | 5.437 | 4.426 |
| 2022-08 | 6.743 | 4.126 | 5.306 | 4.152 |
| 2022-07 | 6.748 | 4.059 | 5.239 | 3.953 |
| 2022-06 | 6.727 | 4.192 | 5.379 | 4.243 |
| 2022-05 | 6.752 | 4.175 | 5.247 | 4.388 |
| 2022-04 | 6.755 | 4.167 | 5.191 | 4.148 |
| 2022-03 | 6.768 | 4.169 | 5.229 | 4.179 |
| 2022-02 | 6.773 | 4.206 | 5.343 | 4.129 |
| 2022-01 | 6.826 | 4.265 | 5.398 | 4.007 |
| 2021-12 | 6.83 | 4.177 | 5.392 | 4.272 |
| 2021-11 | 6.819 | 4.329 | 5.335 | 4.273 |
| 2021-10 | 6.813 | 4.279 | 5.398 | 4.369 |
| 2021-09 | 6.839 | 4.361 | 5.457 | 4.31 |
| 2021-08 | 6.866 | 4.402 | 5.453 | 4.269 |
| 2021-07 | 6.913 | 4.64 | 5.466 | 4.253 |
| 2021-06 | 6.939 | 4.594 | 5.609 | 4.611 |
| 2021-05 | 6.827 | 4.788 | 5.556 | 4.292 |
| 2021-04 | 6.23 | 3.724 | 5.403 | 1.765 |
| 2021-03 | 6.816 | 4.584 | 5.501 | 3.649 |
| 2021-02 | 6.736 | 4.792 | 5.505 | 4.326 |
| 2021-01 | 6.767 | 4.481 | 5.871 | 3.722 |
| 2020-12 | 7.121 | 5.797 | 5.742 | 4.97 |
| 2020-11 | 6.1 | 3.177 | 5.011 | 1.964 |
| 2020-10 | 7.071 | 4.701 | 6.136 | 4.182 |
| 2020-09 | 6.897 | 4.557 | 6.02 | 4.359 |
| 2020-08 | 7.01 | 4.774 | 6.405 | 5.188 |
| 2020-07 | 6.896 | 4.481 | 6.783 | 4.078 |
| 2020-06 | 7.064 | 4.897 | 6.441 | 3.969 |
| 2020-05 | 6.59 | 4.082 | 4.63 | 3.783 |
| 2020-04 | 4.814 | 1.738 | 1.779 | 0.794 |
| 2020-03 | 5.687 | 2.849 | 3.042 | 1.946 |
| 2020-02 | 6.759 | 3.929 | 5.895 | 4.238 |
| 2020-01 | 6.705 | 4.061 | 5.784 | 4.329 |
| 2019-12 | 6.685 | 4.186 | 6.295 | 4.259 |
| 2019-11 | 6.729 | 4.004 | 6.186 | 4.338 |
| 2019-10 | 6.698 | 4.016 | 6.089 | 4.294 |
| 2019-09 | 6.682 | 3.978 | 5.983 | 4.322 |
| 2019-08 | 6.664 | 3.955 | 6.328 | 4.324 |
| 2019-07 | 6.659 | 3.974 | 6.172 | 4.23 |
| 2019-06 | 6.655 | 3.803 | 6.094 | 4.34 |
| 2019-05 | 6.661 | 4.047 | 6.042 | 4.268 |
| 2019-04 | 6.636 | 4.011 | 6.008 | 4.282 |
| 2019-03 | 6.64 | 3.966 | 6.198 | 4.323 |
| 2019-02 | 6.671 | 3.926 | 5.973 | 4.379 |
| 2019-01 | 6.645 | 3.902 | 6.0 | 4.308 |
| 2018-12 | 6.642 | 3.801 | 5.56 | 4.239 |
| 2018-11 | 6.597 | 3.835 | 5.897 | 4.191 |
| 2018-10 | 6.647 | 3.843 | 5.961 | 4.251 |
| 2018-09 | 6.637 | 3.828 | 5.94 | 4.212 |
| 2018-08 | 6.641 | 3.831 | 6.263 | 4.288 |
| 2018-07 | 6.646 | 3.78 | 6.039 | 4.325 |
| 2018-06 | 6.639 | 3.858 | 6.039 | 4.201 |
| 2018-05 | 6.65 | 3.79 | 6.205 | 4.273 |
| 2018-04 | 6.646 | 3.694 | 6.145 | 4.484 |
| 2018-03 | 6.638 | 3.815 | 5.974 | 4.256 |
| 2018-02 | 6.603 | 3.769 | 5.926 | 4.388 |
| 2018-01 | 6.609 | 3.756 | 5.813 | 4.294 |
| 2017-12 | 6.619 | 3.77 | 5.974 | 4.34 |
| 2017-11 | 6.613 | 3.865 | 5.854 | 4.411 |
| 2017-10 | 6.599 | 3.766 | 5.894 | 4.183 |
| 2017-09 | 6.606 | 3.803 | 5.87 | 4.628 |
| 2017-08 | 6.6 | 3.769 | 5.778 | 4.374 |
| 2017-07 | 6.608 | 3.807 | 5.912 | 4.4 |
| 2017-06 | 6.577 | 3.745 | 5.861 | 4.261 |
| 2017-05 | 6.555 | 3.714 | 5.928 | 4.431 |
| 2017-04 | 6.547 | 3.689 | 5.801 | 4.332 |
| 2017-03 | 6.542 | 3.661 | 5.737 | 4.42 |
| 2017-02 | 6.523 | 3.708 | 5.692 | 4.464 |
| 2017-01 | 6.536 | 3.569 | 5.664 | 4.362 |
| 2016-12 | 6.533 | 3.569 | 5.793 | 4.28 |
| 2016-11 | 6.506 | 3.519 | 5.736 | 4.236 |
| 2016-10 | 6.492 | 3.608 | 5.522 | 4.472 |
| 2016-09 | 6.479 | 3.546 | 5.576 | 4.13 |
| 2016-08 | 6.475 | 3.514 | 5.408 | 4.203 |
| 2016-07 | 6.47 | 3.449 | 5.384 | 4.267 |
| 2016-06 | 6.486 | 3.813 | 5.357 | 4.485 |
| 2016-05 | 6.461 | 3.61 | 5.439 | 4.221 |
| 2016-04 | 6.466 | 3.895 | 5.472 | 4.203 |
| 2016-03 | 6.463 | 3.743 | 5.443 | 4.213 |
| 2016-02 | 6.445 | 3.614 | 5.376 | 4.241 |
| 2016-01 | 6.452 | 3.603 | 5.413 | 4.652 |
| 2015-12 | 6.45 | 3.85 | 5.241 | 4.301 |
| 2015-11 | 6.386 | 3.317 | 5.13 | 4.1 |
| 2015-10 | 6.422 | 3.456 | 5.22 | 4.351 |
| 2015-09 | 6.453 | 3.502 | 5.246 | 4.404 |
| 2015-08 | 6.406 | 3.491 | 5.069 | 4.42 |
| 2015-07 | 6.423 | 3.435 | 5.234 | 4.357 |
| 2015-06 | 6.427 | 3.364 | 5.219 | 4.413 |
| 2015-05 | 6.43 | 3.376 | 5.152 | 4.326 |
| 2015-04 | 6.413 | 3.34 | 5.068 | 4.41 |
| 2015-03 | 6.39 | 3.364 | 5.036 | 4.312 |
| 2015-02 | 6.409 | 3.389 | 4.995 | 4.331 |
| 2015-01 | 6.395 | 3.399 | 5.015 | 4.489 |
| 2014-12 | 6.343 | 3.426 | 4.932 | 4.365 |
| 2014-11 | 6.324 | 3.347 | 4.967 | 4.314 |
| 2014-10 | 6.3 | 3.341 | 5.0 | 4.228 |
| 2014-09 | 6.285 | 3.338 | 4.962 | 4.028 |
| 2014-08 | 6.302 | 3.353 | 4.994 | 4.286 |
| 2014-07 | 6.262 | 3.303 | 4.923 | 4.35 |
| 2014-06 | 6.243 | 3.214 | 5.0 | 4.366 |
| 2014-05 | 6.253 | 3.27 | 4.88 | 4.253 |
| 2014-04 | 6.236 | 3.119 | 5.099 | 4.242 |
| 2014-03 | 6.245 | 3.119 | 5.023 | 4.369 |
| 2014-02 | 6.207 | 3.125 | 5.025 | 4.276 |
| 2014-01 | 6.225 | 3.191 | 4.819 | 4.385 |
| 2013-12 | 6.188 | 3.223 | 5.508 | 4.257 |
| 2013-11 | 6.198 | 3.123 | 5.081 | 4.357 |
| 2013-10 | 6.179 | 3.159 | 5.089 | 4.254 |
| 2013-09 | 6.164 | 3.127 | 5.042 | 4.258 |
| 2013-08 | 6.162 | 3.094 | 5.061 | 4.164 |
| 2013-07 | 6.147 | 3.02 | 5.016 | 4.265 |
| 2013-06 | 6.141 | 3.106 | 5.007 | 4.23 |
| 2013-05 | 6.171 | 3.102 | 5.045 | 4.11 |
| 2013-04 | 6.161 | 3.079 | 4.964 | 4.215 |
| 2013-03 | 6.126 | 3.072 | 4.867 | 4.17 |
| 2013-02 | 6.112 | 3.0 | 4.982 | 4.197 |
| 2013-01 | 6.138 | 3.012 | 4.886 | 4.284 |
| 2012-12 | 6.125 | 3.077 | 5.319 | 4.277 |
| 2012-11 | 6.089 | 3.055 | 5.041 | 4.222 |
| 2012-10 | 6.131 | 3.013 | 5.177 | 4.323 |
| 2012-09 | 6.105 | 3.007 | 5.168 | 4.349 |
| 2012-08 | 6.116 | 2.981 | 5.258 | 4.211 |
| 2012-07 | 6.123 | 3.062 | 5.261 | 4.284 |
| 2012-06 | 6.183 | 3.053 | 5.343 | 4.089 |
| 2012-05 | 6.075 | 3.026 | 5.372 | 4.291 |
| 2012-04 | 6.077 | 3.056 | 5.362 | 3.993 |
| 2012-03 | 6.141 | 2.936 | 5.475 | 4.461 |
| 2012-02 | 6.098 | 3.016 | 5.335 | 4.32 |
| 2012-01 | 6.09 | 2.934 | 5.364 | 4.384 |
| 2011-12 | 6.095 | 3.112 | 5.613 | 4.301 |
| 2011-11 | 6.136 | 2.828 | 5.745 | 4.287 |
| 2011-10 | 6.12 | 2.898 | 5.619 | 4.346 |
| 2011-09 | 6.119 | 2.914 | 5.632 | 4.252 |
| 2011-08 | 6.115 | 2.929 | 5.647 | 4.303 |
| 2011-07 | 6.101 | 2.959 | 5.589 | 4.27 |
| 2011-06 | 6.114 | 2.968 | 5.48 | 4.426 |
| 2011-05 | 6.085 | 2.867 | 5.495 | 4.336 |
| 2011-04 | 6.082 | 2.831 | 5.639 | 4.502 |
| 2011-03 | 6.074 | 2.984 | 6.09 | 4.42 |
| 2011-02 | 6.066 | 3.023 | 6.343 | 4.503 |
| 2011-01 | 6.081 | 2.945 | 6.204 | 4.384 |
| 2010-12 | 6.035 | 2.86 | 6.082 | 4.443 |
| 2010-11 | 6.023 | 2.831 | 6.044 | 4.472 |
| 2010-10 | 6.002 | 2.831 | 5.637 | 4.367 |
| 2010-09 | 5.996 | 2.878 | 5.703 | 4.433 |
| 2010-08 | 5.952 | 2.892 | 5.437 | 4.444 |
| 2010-07 | 5.958 | 2.746 | 5.62 | 4.66 |
| 2010-06 | 5.934 | 2.772 | 5.618 | 4.101 |
| 2010-05 | 5.989 | 2.919 | 5.569 | 4.37 |
| 2010-04 | 5.9 | 2.746 | 5.629 | 4.408 |
| 2010-03 | 5.887 | 2.802 | 5.828 | 4.415 |
| 2010-02 | 5.827 | 2.765 | 5.68 | 4.238 |
| 2010-01 | 5.807 | 2.752 | 5.827 | 4.504 |
| 2009-12 | 5.805 | 2.82 | 6.269 | 4.42 |
| 2009-11 | 5.766 | 2.718 | 6.284 | 4.336 |
| 2009-10 | 5.767 | 2.724 | 6.009 | 4.44 |
| 2009-09 | 5.748 | 2.728 | 5.93 | 4.361 |
| 2009-08 | 5.728 | 2.704 | 5.753 | 4.147 |
| 2009-07 | 5.7 | 2.672 | 5.782 | 4.281 |
| 2009-06 | 5.81 | 2.675 | 5.832 | 4.578 |
| 2009-05 | 5.706 | 2.616 | 6.199 | 4.349 |
| 2009-04 | 5.736 | 2.616 | 5.651 | 4.343 |
| 2009-03 | 5.718 | 2.583 | 5.523 | 4.421 |
| 2009-02 | 5.707 | 2.565 | 5.497 | 4.289 |
| 2009-01 | 5.793 | 2.602 | 5.508 | 4.555 |
graphiqueBreakdown of engineered goods
- Source: INSEE
Food products: further increase
In March 2024, household food consumption kept increasing for the third consecutive month (+0.5% after +0.7% in February 2024 and +0.4% in January 2024). The increase in March was mainly driven by miscellaneous food products such as chocolate and confectionery, as Easter was at the very beginning of April this year, as well as, to a lesser extent, by beverages, canned fish and other processed fish. Tobacco consumption, meanwhile, fell sharply for the third consecutive month, against a backdrop of rising tobacco prices in early January and early March 2024.
Over the first quarter of 2024 as a whole, food consumption partially rebounded (+0.5% after -1.0% in Q4 2023). Excluding tobacco, the rebound was much more marked (+1.4% after -1.1%).
tableauFood products, engineered goods and energy
| Engineered goods | Energy | Food products | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-03 | 22.336 | 7.67 | 16.122 |
| 2024-02 | 22.154 | 7.714 | 16.047 |
| 2024-01 | 22.012 | 7.917 | 15.928 |
| 2023-12 | 22.508 | 7.812 | 15.861 |
| 2023-11 | 22.281 | 7.705 | 15.996 |
| 2023-10 | 22.103 | 7.627 | 15.991 |
| 2023-09 | 22.047 | 7.81 | 16.185 |
| 2023-08 | 22.131 | 7.911 | 16.035 |
| 2023-07 | 22.285 | 7.973 | 16.106 |
| 2023-06 | 21.871 | 7.978 | 16.337 |
| 2023-05 | 21.925 | 7.871 | 16.041 |
| 2023-04 | 21.96 | 7.801 | 15.805 |
| 2023-03 | 21.872 | 7.909 | 16.035 |
| 2023-02 | 21.971 | 7.822 | 16.379 |
| 2023-01 | 21.889 | 7.795 | 16.656 |
| 2022-12 | 21.764 | 7.068 | 16.721 |
| 2022-11 | 22.016 | 7.643 | 16.74 |
| 2022-10 | 21.897 | 7.627 | 16.721 |
| 2022-09 | 22.363 | 8.266 | 16.873 |
| 2022-08 | 21.757 | 7.97 | 16.979 |
| 2022-07 | 21.407 | 8.002 | 16.957 |
| 2022-06 | 21.959 | 8.02 | 16.911 |
| 2022-05 | 21.982 | 7.888 | 16.953 |
| 2022-04 | 21.691 | 8.118 | 17.152 |
| 2022-03 | 21.782 | 7.986 | 16.774 |
| 2022-02 | 21.914 | 8.196 | 17.118 |
| 2022-01 | 21.942 | 8.181 | 17.206 |
| 2021-12 | 22.174 | 7.919 | 17.4 |
| 2021-11 | 22.215 | 8.51 | 17.288 |
| 2021-10 | 22.332 | 8.568 | 17.378 |
| 2021-09 | 22.441 | 8.354 | 17.28 |
| 2021-08 | 22.421 | 8.364 | 17.203 |
| 2021-07 | 22.702 | 8.389 | 17.324 |
| 2021-06 | 23.235 | 8.278 | 17.401 |
| 2021-05 | 22.748 | 8.392 | 17.676 |
| 2021-04 | 18.255 | 7.896 | 17.891 |
| 2021-03 | 21.925 | 8.209 | 18.016 |
| 2021-02 | 22.739 | 7.95 | 17.926 |
| 2021-01 | 22.244 | 8.165 | 17.838 |
| 2020-12 | 24.895 | 7.923 | 18.105 |
| 2020-11 | 17.172 | 6.959 | 17.024 |
| 2020-10 | 23.462 | 8.676 | 18.592 |
| 2020-09 | 23.239 | 8.163 | 17.581 |
| 2020-08 | 24.835 | 8.174 | 17.871 |
| 2020-07 | 23.624 | 8.246 | 17.858 |
| 2020-06 | 23.715 | 7.958 | 17.797 |
| 2020-05 | 19.885 | 7.122 | 17.806 |
| 2020-04 | 9.351 | 5.551 | 17.104 |
| 2020-03 | 14.29 | 7.423 | 17.8 |
| 2020-02 | 22.171 | 8.333 | 17.689 |
| 2020-01 | 22.151 | 8.186 | 17.253 |
| 2019-12 | 22.785 | 8.262 | 17.22 |
| 2019-11 | 22.603 | 8.246 | 17.176 |
| 2019-10 | 22.423 | 8.153 | 17.194 |
| 2019-09 | 22.301 | 8.266 | 17.199 |
| 2019-08 | 22.631 | 8.218 | 17.137 |
| 2019-07 | 22.367 | 8.271 | 17.101 |
| 2019-06 | 22.23 | 8.291 | 17.056 |
| 2019-05 | 22.365 | 8.424 | 17.322 |
| 2019-04 | 22.267 | 8.305 | 17.289 |
| 2019-03 | 22.473 | 8.023 | 17.113 |
| 2019-02 | 22.275 | 8.181 | 17.178 |
| 2019-01 | 22.189 | 8.45 | 17.225 |
| 2018-12 | 21.563 | 8.072 | 17.418 |
| 2018-11 | 21.844 | 8.307 | 17.293 |
| 2018-10 | 22.036 | 8.372 | 17.307 |
| 2018-09 | 21.944 | 8.162 | 17.203 |
| 2018-08 | 22.353 | 8.259 | 17.351 |
| 2018-07 | 22.124 | 8.198 | 17.455 |
| 2018-06 | 22.059 | 8.232 | 17.448 |
| 2018-05 | 22.248 | 8.305 | 17.38 |
| 2018-04 | 22.307 | 8.116 | 17.019 |
| 2018-03 | 22.014 | 8.764 | 17.685 |
| 2018-02 | 22.002 | 8.782 | 17.555 |
| 2018-01 | 21.798 | 7.893 | 17.337 |
| 2017-12 | 22.023 | 8.599 | 17.326 |
| 2017-11 | 22.068 | 8.44 | 17.57 |
| 2017-10 | 21.761 | 8.021 | 17.463 |
| 2017-09 | 22.215 | 8.626 | 17.667 |
| 2017-08 | 21.828 | 8.341 | 17.431 |
| 2017-07 | 22.042 | 8.33 | 17.483 |
| 2017-06 | 21.748 | 8.289 | 17.591 |
| 2017-05 | 21.936 | 8.377 | 17.459 |
| 2017-04 | 21.677 | 8.151 | 17.487 |
| 2017-03 | 21.668 | 7.892 | 17.49 |
| 2017-02 | 21.694 | 7.966 | 17.481 |
| 2017-01 | 21.435 | 8.798 | 17.504 |
| 2016-12 | 21.487 | 8.418 | 17.363 |
| 2016-11 | 21.308 | 8.56 | 17.352 |
| 2016-10 | 21.408 | 8.68 | 17.576 |
| 2016-09 | 21.038 | 8.301 | 17.593 |
| 2016-08 | 20.878 | 8.384 | 17.428 |
| 2016-07 | 20.867 | 8.285 | 17.408 |
| 2016-06 | 21.447 | 8.066 | 17.319 |
| 2016-05 | 21.047 | 8.637 | 17.301 |
| 2016-04 | 21.333 | 8.542 | 17.165 |
| 2016-03 | 21.167 | 8.519 | 17.425 |
| 2016-02 | 20.989 | 8.377 | 17.522 |
| 2016-01 | 21.46 | 8.067 | 17.433 |
| 2015-12 | 21.187 | 7.932 | 17.457 |
| 2015-11 | 20.239 | 7.949 | 17.364 |
| 2015-10 | 20.753 | 8.519 | 17.294 |
| 2015-09 | 20.935 | 8.352 | 17.234 |
| 2015-08 | 20.714 | 8.268 | 17.443 |
| 2015-07 | 20.79 | 8.405 | 17.378 |
| 2015-06 | 20.765 | 8.197 | 17.402 |
| 2015-05 | 20.636 | 8.092 | 17.314 |
| 2015-04 | 20.567 | 8.113 | 17.307 |
| 2015-03 | 20.452 | 8.169 | 17.204 |
| 2015-02 | 20.467 | 8.361 | 17.234 |
| 2015-01 | 20.635 | 8.342 | 17.366 |
| 2014-12 | 20.402 | 8.338 | 17.36 |
| 2014-11 | 20.285 | 7.894 | 17.306 |
| 2014-10 | 20.199 | 7.888 | 17.226 |
| 2014-09 | 19.936 | 8.201 | 17.307 |
| 2014-08 | 20.25 | 8.187 | 17.102 |
| 2014-07 | 20.155 | 8.126 | 16.822 |
| 2014-06 | 20.123 | 8.263 | 17.112 |
| 2014-05 | 19.968 | 8.178 | 17.335 |
| 2014-04 | 19.996 | 7.947 | 17.174 |
| 2014-03 | 20.054 | 7.995 | 17.112 |
| 2014-02 | 19.948 | 7.999 | 17.034 |
| 2014-01 | 19.95 | 8.075 | 17.083 |
| 2013-12 | 20.468 | 8.411 | 17.093 |
| 2013-11 | 20.045 | 8.65 | 17.18 |
| 2013-10 | 19.98 | 8.147 | 17.135 |
| 2013-09 | 19.875 | 8.431 | 17.1 |
| 2013-08 | 19.769 | 8.457 | 17.152 |
| 2013-07 | 19.728 | 8.526 | 17.128 |
| 2013-06 | 19.778 | 8.53 | 16.834 |
| 2013-05 | 19.731 | 8.964 | 17.165 |
| 2013-04 | 19.714 | 9.016 | 16.735 |
| 2013-03 | 19.539 | 8.863 | 17.397 |
| 2013-02 | 19.576 | 8.723 | 17.039 |
| 2013-01 | 19.602 | 8.553 | 16.989 |
| 2012-12 | 20.085 | 8.396 | 16.973 |
| 2012-11 | 19.714 | 8.774 | 16.948 |
| 2012-10 | 19.937 | 8.58 | 16.946 |
| 2012-09 | 19.907 | 8.488 | 17.036 |
| 2012-08 | 19.853 | 8.532 | 17.085 |
| 2012-07 | 20.049 | 8.589 | 17.071 |
| 2012-06 | 19.998 | 8.659 | 17.092 |
| 2012-05 | 20.03 | 8.615 | 16.931 |
| 2012-04 | 19.805 | 8.861 | 16.953 |
| 2012-03 | 20.294 | 8.234 | 17.008 |
| 2012-02 | 20.045 | 9.407 | 17.026 |
| 2012-01 | 20.061 | 8.465 | 16.998 |
| 2011-12 | 20.48 | 8.195 | 16.719 |
| 2011-11 | 20.251 | 8.38 | 16.913 |
| 2011-10 | 20.276 | 8.512 | 17.029 |
| 2011-09 | 20.234 | 8.574 | 17.118 |
| 2011-08 | 20.309 | 8.725 | 16.919 |
| 2011-07 | 20.248 | 8.508 | 16.909 |
| 2011-06 | 20.323 | 8.613 | 17.011 |
| 2011-05 | 20.082 | 8.204 | 16.856 |
| 2011-04 | 20.329 | 8.122 | 17.092 |
| 2011-03 | 20.84 | 8.537 | 16.826 |
| 2011-02 | 21.206 | 8.723 | 17.009 |
| 2011-01 | 20.885 | 8.876 | 17.07 |
| 2010-12 | 20.663 | 9.152 | 17.085 |
| 2010-11 | 20.599 | 8.912 | 16.987 |
| 2010-10 | 20.11 | 8.904 | 16.978 |
| 2010-09 | 20.285 | 8.814 | 16.861 |
| 2010-08 | 20.041 | 8.736 | 16.814 |
| 2010-07 | 20.24 | 8.779 | 16.965 |
| 2010-06 | 19.694 | 8.699 | 16.687 |
| 2010-05 | 20.167 | 8.979 | 16.896 |
| 2010-04 | 19.937 | 8.859 | 16.714 |
| 2010-03 | 20.197 | 8.859 | 16.69 |
| 2010-02 | 19.764 | 9.135 | 16.615 |
| 2010-01 | 20.129 | 8.911 | 16.553 |
| 2009-12 | 20.534 | 8.886 | 16.577 |
| 2009-11 | 20.289 | 8.6 | 16.494 |
| 2009-10 | 20.144 | 8.665 | 16.67 |
| 2009-09 | 20.001 | 8.735 | 16.549 |
| 2009-08 | 19.577 | 8.713 | 16.82 |
| 2009-07 | 19.656 | 8.876 | 16.549 |
| 2009-06 | 20.131 | 8.947 | 16.532 |
| 2009-05 | 19.979 | 8.922 | 16.443 |
| 2009-04 | 19.559 | 8.985 | 16.482 |
| 2009-03 | 19.436 | 8.914 | 16.113 |
| 2009-02 | 19.261 | 9.126 | 16.347 |
| 2009-01 | 19.647 | 9.288 | 16.655 |
graphiqueFood products, engineered goods and energy
- Source: INSEE
Energy: slight decrease
In March 2024, household energy expenditure fell slightly (-0.6%), due to a drop in electricity consumption. Gas consumption and fuel purchases rose slightly.
Over the first quarter of 2024 as a whole, energy consumption rose by 0.7%.
tableauBreakdown of energy
| Refined Products | Energy, water, waste | |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-03 | 3.562 | 4.131 |
| 2024-02 | 3.559 | 4.176 |
| 2024-01 | 3.629 | 4.308 |
| 2023-12 | 3.583 | 4.249 |
| 2023-11 | 3.465 | 4.264 |
| 2023-10 | 3.568 | 4.073 |
| 2023-09 | 3.532 | 4.301 |
| 2023-08 | 3.592 | 4.342 |
| 2023-07 | 3.668 | 4.324 |
| 2023-06 | 3.721 | 4.273 |
| 2023-05 | 3.646 | 4.242 |
| 2023-04 | 3.484 | 4.342 |
| 2023-03 | 3.662 | 4.265 |
| 2023-02 | 3.55 | 4.294 |
| 2023-01 | 3.649 | 4.159 |
| 2022-12 | 3.539 | 3.568 |
| 2022-11 | 3.652 | 4.021 |
| 2022-10 | 3.628 | 4.027 |
| 2022-09 | 3.873 | 4.419 |
| 2022-08 | 3.563 | 4.419 |
| 2022-07 | 3.548 | 4.464 |
| 2022-06 | 3.573 | 4.457 |
| 2022-05 | 3.58 | 4.323 |
| 2022-04 | 3.618 | 4.511 |
| 2022-03 | 3.589 | 4.41 |
| 2022-02 | 3.799 | 4.419 |
| 2022-01 | 3.629 | 4.562 |
| 2021-12 | 3.705 | 4.251 |
| 2021-11 | 3.822 | 4.705 |
| 2021-10 | 3.851 | 4.734 |
| 2021-09 | 3.822 | 4.558 |
| 2021-08 | 3.804 | 4.583 |
| 2021-07 | 3.822 | 4.591 |
| 2021-06 | 3.718 | 4.576 |
| 2021-05 | 3.494 | 4.874 |
| 2021-04 | 3.142 | 4.71 |
| 2021-03 | 3.636 | 4.581 |
| 2021-02 | 3.538 | 4.423 |
| 2021-01 | 3.567 | 4.599 |
| 2020-12 | 3.459 | 4.46 |
| 2020-11 | 2.729 | 4.215 |
| 2020-10 | 3.67 | 4.997 |
| 2020-09 | 3.679 | 4.483 |
| 2020-08 | 3.717 | 4.457 |
| 2020-07 | 3.794 | 4.453 |
| 2020-06 | 3.516 | 4.439 |
| 2020-05 | 2.754 | 4.353 |
| 2020-04 | 1.6 | 3.922 |
| 2020-03 | 2.984 | 4.426 |
| 2020-02 | 3.955 | 4.383 |
| 2020-01 | 3.993 | 4.201 |
| 2019-12 | 3.963 | 4.303 |
| 2019-11 | 3.812 | 4.438 |
| 2019-10 | 3.823 | 4.334 |
| 2019-09 | 3.898 | 4.372 |
| 2019-08 | 3.855 | 4.367 |
| 2019-07 | 3.872 | 4.403 |
| 2019-06 | 3.889 | 4.407 |
| 2019-05 | 3.852 | 4.575 |
| 2019-04 | 3.94 | 4.37 |
| 2019-03 | 3.827 | 4.2 |
| 2019-02 | 3.953 | 4.232 |
| 2019-01 | 3.99 | 4.464 |
| 2018-12 | 3.82 | 4.254 |
| 2018-11 | 3.979 | 4.335 |
| 2018-10 | 4.049 | 4.334 |
| 2018-09 | 3.871 | 4.294 |
| 2018-08 | 3.963 | 4.303 |
| 2018-07 | 3.912 | 4.291 |
| 2018-06 | 3.959 | 4.282 |
| 2018-05 | 4.037 | 4.281 |
| 2018-04 | 4.002 | 4.133 |
| 2018-03 | 4.049 | 4.706 |
| 2018-02 | 3.984 | 4.782 |
| 2018-01 | 3.878 | 4.031 |
| 2017-12 | 4.049 | 4.546 |
| 2017-11 | 3.938 | 4.492 |
| 2017-10 | 3.788 | 4.233 |
| 2017-09 | 4.163 | 4.477 |
| 2017-08 | 3.985 | 4.362 |
| 2017-07 | 4.01 | 4.333 |
| 2017-06 | 3.952 | 4.342 |
| 2017-05 | 3.986 | 4.395 |
| 2017-04 | 3.884 | 4.272 |
| 2017-03 | 3.885 | 4.033 |
| 2017-02 | 3.906 | 4.084 |
| 2017-01 | 3.983 | 4.785 |
| 2016-12 | 3.954 | 4.46 |
| 2016-11 | 4.05 | 4.51 |
| 2016-10 | 4.005 | 4.662 |
| 2016-09 | 3.949 | 4.354 |
| 2016-08 | 4.01 | 4.379 |
| 2016-07 | 3.922 | 4.363 |
| 2016-06 | 3.599 | 4.44 |
| 2016-05 | 4.233 | 4.422 |
| 2016-04 | 3.888 | 4.634 |
| 2016-03 | 3.976 | 4.536 |
| 2016-02 | 3.98 | 4.398 |
| 2016-01 | 3.848 | 4.223 |
| 2015-12 | 4.041 | 3.891 |
| 2015-11 | 3.811 | 4.138 |
| 2015-10 | 3.853 | 4.666 |
| 2015-09 | 3.921 | 4.431 |
| 2015-08 | 3.933 | 4.336 |
| 2015-07 | 4.067 | 4.338 |
| 2015-06 | 3.882 | 4.315 |
| 2015-05 | 3.814 | 4.278 |
| 2015-04 | 3.9 | 4.213 |
| 2015-03 | 3.838 | 4.331 |
| 2015-02 | 3.85 | 4.511 |
| 2015-01 | 3.9 | 4.442 |
| 2014-12 | 4.014 | 4.319 |
| 2014-11 | 3.751 | 4.143 |
| 2014-10 | 3.859 | 4.019 |
| 2014-09 | 3.899 | 4.301 |
| 2014-08 | 3.842 | 4.348 |
| 2014-07 | 3.79 | 4.34 |
| 2014-06 | 3.928 | 4.334 |
| 2014-05 | 3.778 | 4.408 |
| 2014-04 | 3.808 | 4.136 |
| 2014-03 | 3.841 | 4.149 |
| 2014-02 | 3.798 | 4.201 |
| 2014-01 | 3.824 | 4.251 |
| 2013-12 | 3.896 | 4.518 |
| 2013-11 | 3.855 | 4.822 |
| 2013-10 | 3.868 | 4.266 |
| 2013-09 | 3.861 | 4.579 |
| 2013-08 | 3.908 | 4.552 |
| 2013-07 | 3.938 | 4.593 |
| 2013-06 | 3.879 | 4.665 |
| 2013-05 | 4.113 | 4.861 |
| 2013-04 | 4.075 | 4.961 |
| 2013-03 | 3.969 | 4.918 |
| 2013-02 | 3.927 | 4.818 |
| 2013-01 | 3.874 | 4.696 |
| 2012-12 | 3.887 | 4.512 |
| 2012-11 | 4.068 | 4.708 |
| 2012-10 | 3.998 | 4.581 |
| 2012-09 | 3.917 | 4.576 |
| 2012-08 | 3.972 | 4.559 |
| 2012-07 | 4.033 | 4.552 |
| 2012-06 | 4.109 | 4.539 |
| 2012-05 | 4.066 | 4.54 |
| 2012-04 | 3.955 | 4.93 |
| 2012-03 | 4.013 | 4.194 |
| 2012-02 | 4.046 | 5.408 |
| 2012-01 | 4.003 | 4.453 |
| 2011-12 | 3.794 | 4.395 |
| 2011-11 | 3.973 | 4.396 |
| 2011-10 | 4.038 | 4.462 |
| 2011-09 | 4.051 | 4.511 |
| 2011-08 | 4.153 | 4.559 |
| 2011-07 | 3.974 | 4.526 |
| 2011-06 | 4.075 | 4.527 |
| 2011-05 | 3.805 | 4.392 |
| 2011-04 | 3.992 | 4.112 |
| 2011-03 | 4.072 | 4.453 |
| 2011-02 | 4.23 | 4.476 |
| 2011-01 | 4.23 | 4.633 |
| 2010-12 | 4.049 | 5.083 |
| 2010-11 | 4.159 | 4.743 |
| 2010-10 | 4.146 | 4.748 |
| 2010-09 | 4.183 | 4.625 |
| 2010-08 | 4.123 | 4.606 |
| 2010-07 | 4.203 | 4.572 |
| 2010-06 | 4.12 | 4.572 |
| 2010-05 | 4.175 | 4.793 |
| 2010-04 | 4.261 | 4.595 |
| 2010-03 | 4.164 | 4.686 |
| 2010-02 | 4.346 | 4.783 |
| 2010-01 | 3.966 | 4.927 |
| 2009-12 | 4.3 | 4.576 |
| 2009-11 | 4.216 | 4.364 |
| 2009-10 | 4.131 | 4.538 |
| 2009-09 | 4.175 | 4.561 |
| 2009-08 | 4.118 | 4.606 |
| 2009-07 | 4.285 | 4.584 |
| 2009-06 | 4.355 | 4.577 |
| 2009-05 | 4.345 | 4.562 |
| 2009-04 | 4.37 | 4.602 |
| 2009-03 | 4.314 | 4.591 |
| 2009-02 | 4.351 | 4.779 |
| 2009-01 | 4.377 | 4.925 |
graphiqueBreakdown of energy
- Source: INSEE
tableauHousehold consumption expenditure on goods
| Weight (1) | Jan. 24 / Dec. 23 | Feb. 24 / Jan. 24 | Mar. 24 / Feb. 24 | Mar. 24 / Mar. 23 | Q / Q-1 (2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food products | 39 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| - excl. Tobacco | 35 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 |
| Engineered goods | 43 | -2.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.1 | -0.6 |
| - Durables | 22 | -4.6 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 2.9 | -1.7 |
| Transport equipment | 11 | -9.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 4.7 | -3.5 |
| Household durables | 8 | 1.9 | 0.2 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| - Textile-clothing | 8 | 0.5 | -0.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
| - Other engineered goods | 13 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.6 |
| Energy | 18 | 1.3 | -2.6 | -0.6 | -3.0 | 0.7 |
| - Energy. water. waste | 10 | 1.4 | -3.1 | -1.1 | -3.1 | 0.2 |
| - Refined Products | 8 | 1.3 | -1.9 | 0.1 | -2.7 | 1.3 |
| Total | 100 | -0.6 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| - Including Manufactured goods | 83 | -0.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
- (1) Weighting in the consumption expenditure on goods in value in 2021
- (2) Last three months / previous three months
- Source: INSEE
Revisions
The monthly change in household consumption of goods for February 2024 has been revised upwards by 0.1 points to +0.1% instead of 0.0%. Since the previous publication, new information has been incorporated and the seasonal adjustment (SA) and working day adjustment (WDA) coefficients have been updated.
For more information
*Volumes are measured at chain-link previous year prices (2014 euro billions) and all figures are seasonally and working-day adjusted (SA-WDA).
Scope and definition–Consumption expenditure on goods is compliant with the national-accounts definition (NAF Rev. 2). In 2014, they accounted for half of total households’ consumption expenditure. They are divided into three main items:
– Food: products of agriculture, forestry and fishing (AZ), food, drinks and tobacco (C1);
– Energy: mining products, as well as water, gas, electricity and air conditioning, sanitation and waste management (DE), and refined and coked products (C2);
– Engineered goods: computers, electronic, electrical and optical goods (C3), transport equipment (C4), textiles and clothing, products made of leather, wood, paper, furniture, chemical and pharmaceutical products, plastic, rubber, minerals, metals, hardware (C5). Within this heading are distinguished “durable” goods which include transport equipment, household durables (furniture, household appliances, etc.) and other durable goods (jewellery, watches, glasses, medical devices, etc.).
The manufactured goods correspond to all the products C1, C2, C3, C4, C5.
Sources–This indicator is the compilation of a variety of statistical sources issued by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (consumer price indices, turnover indices and scanner data), the Bank of France, the French Federation of Automobile Manufacturers (CCFA), the Department of Data and Statistical Studies (SDES), the French Institute of Fashion (IFM), the National Health-Insurance Administration (CNAM), the National Federation of Rubber and Plastics Industries (SNCP), the Board of Oil (CPDP), GFK, Logista, the International Union Committee of Automobile and Motorcycle (CSIAM), etc.
Next publication: 31 May 2024 at 8:45 am.
Documentation
Methodology (pdf,23 Ko)
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