In France in 2013, four out of ten unemployed, or 1.1 million people, were in a situation of long-term unemployment, in other words they had been unemployed for at least one year. This phenomenon was exacerbated by the crisis because the number of people entering unemployment increased while those leaving long-term unemployment were primarily the recently unemployed. Since the crisis, the change in France in this regard is similar to that observed across the European Union. Spain is the largest European country where the crisis has had the most serious impact, while Germany is the exception, with an almost continuous decline in long-term unemployment since 2005. In France, the people most affected by the crisis were generally those who were seemingly the most exposed to difficulties in the labour market. Between 2008 and 2013 we thus observe the largest increases in long-term unemployment among the most fragile categories of workers: manual labourers, employees, young people without qualifications, single parents, residents of sensitive urban areas and immigrants. All else being equal, most of these observations remain. In 2013, for example, people without qualifications had a long-term unemployment risk more than twice as high as those with a qualification gained two years after the baccalaureate or more. Focusing on qualification level, young people were less affected than their elders by long-term unemployment, but faced a high recurrence of unemployment. Conversely, older people were less frequently unemployed, but found it more difficult to escape unemployment.