Économie et Statistique n° 363-364-365 - 2003 Firms on The Global Markets
Labour Market - Attractiveness - Debt - Enlargement toward East en South
Globalisation of large groups: new indicators
François Benaroya et Édouard Bourcieu (un commentaire de Marie-Laure Cheval - Localisation des entreprises et structuration de l'espace géographique et économique)
Growth in international trade and investment suggests that the world economy has never been so integrated as it is today. The largest multinational firms, major globalisation players, appear to have attained truly planetary coverage. Yet globalisation is defined hesitantly and is therefore virtually never correctly evaluated or measured. Globalisation and transnationality indicators such as the proportion of assets or employees abroad are already available on firms, especially the largest multinational groups. However, these standard indicators do not reflect the complexity of the firms' internationalisation methods, especially their regional strategies. A new perspective is presented here using Dun and Bradstreet's database detailing the 83,000 subsidiaries of the world's 750 largest groups in 1998. We apply a series of concentration measures (Herfindahl or Herfindahl-Hirschman indices) to these data, with each measure corresponding to a specific definition of globalisation. The series of measures is used to evaluate the extent of these firms' globalisation and to compare it with the two possible references of time (to what extent are the firms more globalised now than a few years ago?) and space (do the firms behave as if they were in a borderless world?)