Informations Rapides ·
23 June 2022 · n° 162
In June 2022, the business climate in manufacturing industry has improved a little Monthly business survey (goods-producing industries) - June 2022
According to the business managers surveyed in June 2022, the business climate in the manufacturing industry is a little more favourable. At 108, the composite indicator has won two points and remains above its average (100). It has been driven by the balances of opinion on the changes in expected and in past production.
Since May 2022, the questions on the “obstacles to production” have been asked at a monthly frequency. There were asked at a quarterly frequency up to then.
- The balances of opinion on the change in production have been on the rise
- The opinion of business managers on their order books remains favourable
- In the manufacture of food products and beverages, supply difficulties have strengthened while the balance of opinion on the overall order books has increased
- Revisions
- For further information
According to the business managers surveyed in June 2022, the business climate in the manufacturing industry is a little more favourable. At 108, the composite indicator has won two points and remains above its average (100). It has been driven by the balances of opinion on the changes in expected and in past production.
tableauBusiness climate in manufacturing - Composite indicator
Business climate in manufacturing - Composite indicator | |
---|---|
2022-06 | 107.6 |
2022-05 | 106.3 |
2022-04 | 107.6 |
2022-03 | 107.4 |
2022-02 | 112.2 |
2022-01 | 112.8 |
2021-12 | 109.7 |
2021-11 | 109.4 |
2021-10 | 107.0 |
2021-09 | 106.4 |
2021-08 | 109.4 |
2021-07 | 109.1 |
2021-06 | 107.7 |
2021-05 | 107.0 |
2021-04 | 103.4 |
2021-03 | 98.4 |
2021-02 | 98.1 |
2021-01 | 96.4 |
2020-12 | 95.2 |
2020-11 | 91.8 |
2020-10 | 94.0 |
2020-09 | 94.1 |
2020-08 | 91.4 |
2020-07 | 81.7 |
2020-06 | 77.4 |
2020-05 | 70.3 |
2020-04 | 66.8 |
2020-03 | 97.4 |
2020-02 | 101.0 |
2020-01 | 102.6 |
2019-12 | 99.3 |
2019-11 | 101.8 |
2019-10 | 99.5 |
2019-09 | 101.5 |
2019-08 | 102.1 |
2019-07 | 101.2 |
2019-06 | 101.8 |
2019-05 | 103.7 |
2019-04 | 101.3 |
2019-03 | 103.3 |
2019-02 | 103.4 |
2019-01 | 103.5 |
2018-12 | 103.5 |
2018-11 | 105.1 |
2018-10 | 104.2 |
2018-09 | 107.1 |
2018-08 | 108.6 |
2018-07 | 108.3 |
2018-06 | 109.5 |
2018-05 | 109.7 |
2018-04 | 110.4 |
2018-03 | 110.5 |
2018-02 | 112.5 |
2018-01 | 113.7 |
2017-12 | 111.8 |
2017-11 | 111.4 |
2017-10 | 111.0 |
2017-09 | 110.9 |
2017-08 | 109.9 |
2017-07 | 108.0 |
2017-06 | 108.8 |
2017-05 | 108.7 |
2017-04 | 108.5 |
2017-03 | 105.5 |
2017-02 | 106.7 |
2017-01 | 105.9 |
2016-12 | 105.7 |
2016-11 | 102.1 |
2016-10 | 102.1 |
2016-09 | 103.4 |
2016-08 | 101.5 |
2016-07 | 101.6 |
2016-06 | 101.5 |
2016-05 | 104.3 |
2016-04 | 104.7 |
2016-03 | 102.5 |
2016-02 | 103.0 |
2016-01 | 102.8 |
2015-12 | 102.5 |
2015-11 | 102.3 |
2015-10 | 103.1 |
2015-09 | 104.7 |
2015-08 | 103.5 |
2015-07 | 101.5 |
2015-06 | 100.2 |
2015-05 | 101.7 |
2015-04 | 101.5 |
2015-03 | 99.0 |
2015-02 | 98.4 |
2015-01 | 98.8 |
2014-12 | 98.7 |
2014-11 | 98.8 |
2014-10 | 97.4 |
2014-09 | 96.9 |
2014-08 | 96.6 |
2014-07 | 96.3 |
2014-06 | 96.5 |
2014-05 | 98.3 |
2014-04 | 100.3 |
2014-03 | 100.8 |
2014-02 | 98.3 |
2014-01 | 99.6 |
2013-12 | 99.2 |
2013-11 | 98.1 |
2013-10 | 97.8 |
2013-09 | 95.9 |
2013-08 | 98.5 |
2013-07 | 94.7 |
2013-06 | 92.7 |
2013-05 | 92.0 |
2013-04 | 87.7 |
2013-03 | 90.6 |
2013-02 | 90.5 |
2013-01 | 89.8 |
2012-12 | 90.9 |
2012-11 | 91.6 |
2012-10 | 87.1 |
2012-09 | 92.7 |
2012-08 | 92.9 |
2012-07 | 91.0 |
2012-06 | 93.1 |
2012-05 | 94.8 |
2012-04 | 95.6 |
2012-03 | 96.4 |
2012-02 | 94.9 |
2012-01 | 94.9 |
2011-12 | 94.7 |
2011-11 | 97.5 |
2011-10 | 97.4 |
2011-09 | 99.1 |
2011-08 | 101.2 |
2011-07 | 104.8 |
2011-06 | 109.8 |
2011-05 | 107.2 |
2011-04 | 110.0 |
2011-03 | 110.1 |
2011-02 | 106.8 |
2011-01 | 108.6 |
2010-12 | 104.1 |
2010-11 | 101.7 |
2010-10 | 104.0 |
2010-09 | 102.8 |
2010-08 | 100.3 |
2010-07 | 97.2 |
2010-06 | 95.7 |
2010-05 | 96.4 |
2010-04 | 95.0 |
2010-03 | 91.1 |
2010-02 | 88.6 |
2010-01 | 90.1 |
2009-12 | 87.4 |
2009-11 | 87.5 |
2009-10 | 85.1 |
2009-09 | 83.9 |
2009-08 | 80.9 |
2009-07 | 76.4 |
2009-06 | 74.9 |
2009-05 | 72.3 |
2009-04 | 70.5 |
2009-03 | 66.6 |
2009-02 | 68.5 |
2009-01 | 72.6 |
2008-12 | 73.3 |
2008-11 | 79.7 |
2008-10 | 87.0 |
2008-09 | 91.6 |
2008-08 | 98.0 |
2008-07 | 98.7 |
2008-06 | 103.4 |
2008-05 | 104.1 |
2008-04 | 107.3 |
2008-03 | 109.9 |
2008-02 | 110.2 |
2008-01 | 110.4 |
2007-12 | 112.4 |
2007-11 | 112.2 |
2007-10 | 109.9 |
2007-09 | 110.5 |
2007-08 | 110.9 |
2007-07 | 111.4 |
2007-06 | 111.2 |
2007-05 | 110.0 |
2007-04 | 111.8 |
2007-03 | 111.2 |
2007-02 | 111.7 |
2007-01 | 108.2 |
2006-12 | 109.2 |
2006-11 | 109.5 |
2006-10 | 107.1 |
2006-09 | 108.0 |
2006-08 | 108.5 |
2006-07 | 108.9 |
2006-06 | 108.5 |
2006-05 | 108.8 |
2006-04 | 107.8 |
2006-03 | 106.3 |
2006-02 | 106.5 |
2006-01 | 103.0 |
2005-12 | 104.0 |
2005-11 | 101.0 |
2005-10 | 101.0 |
2005-09 | 98.9 |
2005-08 | 99.6 |
2005-07 | 100.1 |
2005-06 | 98.9 |
2005-05 | 97.0 |
2005-04 | 96.5 |
2005-03 | 99.6 |
2005-02 | 103.0 |
2005-01 | 103.2 |
graphiqueBusiness climate in manufacturing - Composite indicator

- Source: INSEE
tableauIndustrialists’ opinion on manufacturing activity
Ave.* | Mar. 22 | Apr. 22 | May. 22 | Jun. 22 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manufacturing industry | |||||
Composite indicator | 100 | 107 | 108 | 106 | 108 |
Past production | 5 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 15 |
Finished-goods inventory | 12 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 9 |
Overall order books | -18 | -3 | -1 | -2 | -1 |
Foreign order books | -14 | -1 | 2 | -3 | -3 |
Past workforce size | -9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 |
Expected workforce size | -10 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 |
Personal production expectations | 6 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 9 |
General production expectations | -7 | -3 | -4 | -9 | -5 |
Expected trend in selling prices | 3 | 54 | 45 | 55 | 52 |
Economic uncertainty felt** | 27 | 32 | 36 | 35 | 33 |
- * Long-term average since 1976 except for the economic uncertainty felt (April 2021).
- ** Balance of opinion not SA
- Source: INSEE - Monthly business tendency survey in industry
The balances of opinion on the change in production have been on the rise
All the balances of opinion relative to the production of industrial enterprises have been on the rise in June. The one on the expected change in production over the next three months has rebounded after having fallen back to its average level last month. In particular in the "other transport equipment" sector, it has reached a historically high level. Moreover, the balance of opinion on the change in past production has increased markedly and is moving away from its average. Finally, the general prospects of production have brightened; the associated balance has recovered and has gone back above its average.
The balance associated to the current level of the finished-goods inventory has hardly straightened up and remains under its average.
The balance on the expected trend in selling prices has withdrawn a little, after having reached a new high point in May 2022, but remains very high.
The balances of opinion concerning the expected and past evolution of the workforce have been stable or almost stable, well above their long-term average.
The opinion of business managers on their order books remains favourable
The balance of opinion on the overall order books has increased very slightly, while that on the foreign order books has been stable. Both remain well above their average.
Moreover, the level of perceived economic uncertainty has decreased slightly compared to May. This balance of opinion has lost two points but remains well above its average.
The obstacles to production due to difficulties of supply have eased somewhat compared to last month but remain very high. In particular, the share of companies declaring sourcing difficulties has fallen back but remains, at 43%, close to its historic high point (45%) reached in October 2021. The share of companies declaring demand difficulties only has been almost stable at 9%, well below its long-term average.
tableauObstacles to production increase (in %)*
Manufacturing industry | Moy.** | Apr. 22 | May. 22 | Jun. 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Difficulties of supply and demand (in %) | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 |
Sourcing difficulties (in %) | 10 | 44 | 44 | 43 |
Workforce shortage (in %) | 8 | 18 | 18 | 20 |
Difficulties of supply only (in% ) | 21 | 50 | 50 | 47 |
Difficulties of demand only (in% ) | 41 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
- * Quaterly series from January 1991 then monthly series from May 2022
- ** Long-term average since 1991 on monthly series (over the quarterly collection period, the point collected in the first month of each quarter was carried over identically to the following two months).
- Sources : INSEE – Quarterly business survey in industry
In the manufacture of food products and beverages, supply difficulties have strengthened while the balance of opinion on the overall order books has increased
In June 2022, the business climate has improved in the manufacture of food products and beverages after two months of decline. However, the production constraints due to supply difficulties have never been so important: the proportion of companies declaring such constraints (45%) is at its highest since this question was asked (1991). At the same time, the balance of opinion associated to the current level of the finished-goods inventory has never been so low since the series began (1990) and the balance on the overall order books has increased.
In the "other industries", the business climate indicator has rebounded, driven in particular by the upturn in the textile, clothing and leather and the chemical sub-sectors. Conversely, the business climate has deteriorated in metallurgy, where the balance of opinion on the foreign order books has fallen back to its average level.
In the manufacture of transport equipment, the business climate has somewhat brightened, for the third month in a row. In the manufacture of motor vehicles, the climate indicator has recovered and is approaching its average. In the manufacture of other transport equipment, the climate has been stable for the fourth consecutive month and remains above its average.
The manufacture of machinery and equipment goods sector is the only one where the business climate indicator has not improved this month. It has been stable, with the increases in the balances on the overall order books and the personal production prospects being offset by the decline in the balance on the foreign order books. The climate has remained well above average.
tableauBusiness climates in a sector-based approach
(C1) | (C3) | (C4) | (C5) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2022-06 | 108.3 | 110.7 | 103.2 | 105.4 |
2022-05 | 105.5 | 110.7 | 102.3 | 104.3 |
2022-04 | 107.8 | 112.8 | 101.9 | 108.6 |
2022-03 | 110.6 | 111.8 | 100.7 | 107.9 |
2022-02 | 110.4 | 115.2 | 106.1 | 111.3 |
2022-01 | 110.0 | 116.4 | 106.2 | 110.4 |
2021-12 | 116.8 | 116.2 | 91.0 | 112.1 |
2021-11 | 115.4 | 115.7 | 96.6 | 113.1 |
2021-10 | 111.6 | 115.7 | 91.6 | 110.2 |
2021-09 | 109.2 | 115.3 | 89.2 | 112.0 |
2021-08 | 111.3 | 119.9 | 93.7 | 112.3 |
2021-07 | 114.5 | 115.2 | 93.1 | 113.9 |
2021-06 | 118.7 | 115.1 | 90.9 | 110.4 |
2021-05 | 115.0 | 111.8 | 91.2 | 109.6 |
2021-04 | 104.1 | 113.5 | 89.7 | 107.1 |
2021-03 | 100.4 | 106.8 | 84.9 | 104.0 |
2021-02 | 93.9 | 106.0 | 91.2 | 101.3 |
2021-01 | 89.5 | 104.8 | 88.7 | 100.4 |
2020-12 | 89.6 | 96.4 | 88.2 | 101.8 |
2020-11 | 92.4 | 91.8 | 89.9 | 94.7 |
2020-10 | 93.4 | 94.7 | 91.8 | 94.6 |
2020-09 | 102.3 | 91.4 | 92.5 | 92.3 |
2020-08 | 96.0 | 91.8 | 91.7 | 87.5 |
2020-07 | 89.1 | 85.2 | 80.6 | 81.3 |
2020-06 | 92.5 | 79.0 | 77.4 | 78.9 |
2020-05 | 90.1 | 76.1 | 75.8 | 74.0 |
2020-04 | 91.5 | 76.9 | 73.4 | 73.4 |
2020-03 | 106.8 | 98.1 | 96.1 | 97.1 |
2020-02 | 107.4 | 99.5 | 100.7 | 100.1 |
2020-01 | 107.3 | 100.8 | 106.2 | 99.3 |
2019-12 | 107.4 | 97.4 | 99.8 | 97.9 |
2019-11 | 103.6 | 97.8 | 105.7 | 100.8 |
2019-10 | 105.2 | 96.4 | 100.9 | 98.8 |
2019-09 | 107.6 | 99.4 | 101.5 | 101.1 |
2019-08 | 108.2 | 99.8 | 101.5 | 101.3 |
2019-07 | 104.3 | 102.7 | 99.6 | 100.1 |
2019-06 | 108.5 | 98.8 | 101.0 | 100.4 |
2019-05 | 111.5 | 104.1 | 102.9 | 101.8 |
2019-04 | 106.2 | 101.2 | 101.4 | 100.6 |
2019-03 | 106.0 | 100.8 | 103.1 | 101.2 |
2019-02 | 108.0 | 104.7 | 101.2 | 101.0 |
2019-01 | 107.3 | 103.3 | 103.1 | 101.9 |
2018-12 | 107.2 | 102.2 | 102.9 | 102.3 |
2018-11 | 109.2 | 101.9 | 104.3 | 102.6 |
2018-10 | 102.1 | 106.7 | 104.0 | 102.6 |
2018-09 | 106.9 | 107.1 | 105.5 | 104.5 |
2018-08 | 107.5 | 107.9 | 106.9 | 105.4 |
2018-07 | 107.4 | 107.9 | 106.5 | 106.1 |
2018-06 | 110.1 | 107.7 | 110.3 | 105.3 |
2018-05 | 107.7 | 111.1 | 108.6 | 107.3 |
2018-04 | 108.9 | 109.9 | 112.9 | 107.3 |
2018-03 | 108.5 | 109.9 | 111.8 | 109.1 |
2018-02 | 109.8 | 110.7 | 112.7 | 109.6 |
2018-01 | 110.9 | 112.4 | 112.7 | 110.6 |
2017-12 | 110.5 | 111.0 | 110.8 | 110.3 |
2017-11 | 112.1 | 109.5 | 109.5 | 110.7 |
2017-10 | 110.7 | 109.4 | 108.9 | 110.0 |
2017-09 | 107.1 | 107.2 | 109.8 | 108.2 |
2017-08 | 108.4 | 106.7 | 108.8 | 107.9 |
2017-07 | 108.5 | 108.8 | 108.7 | 106.4 |
2017-06 | 111.4 | 108.2 | 105.6 | 108.0 |
2017-05 | 105.7 | 108.8 | 105.9 | 106.8 |
2017-04 | 103.4 | 107.0 | 106.4 | 107.5 |
2017-03 | 103.8 | 104.7 | 105.9 | 104.5 |
2017-02 | 105.2 | 104.0 | 106.8 | 105.9 |
2017-01 | 103.6 | 102.5 | 107.2 | 105.1 |
2016-12 | 108.1 | 103.6 | 105.0 | 104.5 |
2016-11 | 107.5 | 99.9 | 102.7 | 101.2 |
2016-10 | 106.3 | 97.7 | 106.1 | 100.9 |
2016-09 | 108.6 | 98.7 | 105.7 | 100.1 |
2016-08 | 98.9 | 98.4 | 104.3 | 101.1 |
2016-07 | 104.2 | 97.9 | 105.5 | 101.3 |
2016-06 | 102.7 | 97.4 | 106.3 | 101.1 |
2016-05 | 103.1 | 97.8 | 106.4 | 103.5 |
2016-04 | 105.5 | 100.3 | 109.5 | 100.9 |
2016-03 | 101.1 | 99.3 | 106.4 | 100.9 |
2016-02 | 99.9 | 100.8 | 109.4 | 99.6 |
2016-01 | 101.4 | 100.8 | 108.5 | 99.2 |
2015-12 | 99.5 | 98.3 | 108.1 | 101.4 |
2015-11 | 102.0 | 99.8 | 108.2 | 99.2 |
2015-10 | 104.1 | 98.5 | 108.1 | 99.5 |
2015-09 | 105.3 | 96.4 | 109.4 | 102.2 |
2015-08 | 102.9 | 97.7 | 108.2 | 101.1 |
2015-07 | 108.3 | 98.5 | 105.2 | 102.5 |
2015-06 | 104.7 | 97.3 | 105.6 | 100.6 |
2015-05 | 101.8 | 97.4 | 105.3 | 101.2 |
2015-04 | 104.2 | 96.8 | 107.4 | 100.3 |
2015-03 | 100.3 | 94.3 | 105.7 | 99.8 |
2015-02 | 99.1 | 95.4 | 101.5 | 99.9 |
2015-01 | 103.0 | 93.8 | 102.1 | 99.5 |
2014-12 | 98.7 | 92.5 | 100.1 | 99.9 |
2014-11 | 95.8 | 92.5 | 100.5 | 99.5 |
2014-10 | 95.3 | 92.8 | 97.6 | 98.2 |
2014-09 | 94.1 | 92.4 | 101.2 | 97.0 |
2014-08 | 95.0 | 93.7 | 98.3 | 100.3 |
2014-07 | 96.7 | 89.7 | 99.7 | 98.8 |
2014-06 | 95.4 | 92.1 | 98.6 | 98.3 |
2014-05 | 97.8 | 94.0 | 98.7 | 99.2 |
2014-04 | 95.6 | 92.8 | 103.2 | 99.9 |
2014-03 | 99.6 | 93.0 | 101.1 | 102.1 |
2014-02 | 98.8 | 94.2 | 98.5 | 98.0 |
2014-01 | 99.2 | 91.6 | 102.9 | 98.4 |
2013-12 | 98.1 | 92.2 | 100.4 | 98.8 |
2013-11 | 97.9 | 93.0 | 102.4 | 98.4 |
2013-10 | 95.1 | 90.8 | 104.0 | 97.4 |
2013-09 | 94.6 | 90.4 | 98.0 | 96.9 |
2013-08 | 95.1 | 92.1 | 101.8 | 96.8 |
2013-07 | 92.0 | 90.0 | 99.1 | 94.7 |
2013-06 | 92.3 | 89.4 | 95.2 | 93.0 |
2013-05 | 91.2 | 89.9 | 95.3 | 91.7 |
2013-04 | 91.5 | 90.0 | 93.3 | 89.1 |
2013-03 | 93.7 | 89.2 | 94.3 | 91.1 |
2013-02 | 97.6 | 89.0 | 94.7 | 90.1 |
2013-01 | 97.3 | 88.0 | 92.8 | 91.2 |
2012-12 | 98.5 | 88.0 | 92.7 | 91.7 |
2012-11 | 97.9 | 87.5 | 93.2 | 92.1 |
2012-10 | 90.7 | 86.2 | 95.9 | 89.3 |
2012-09 | 96.4 | 91.2 | 97.4 | 93.5 |
2012-08 | 93.3 | 90.5 | 95.6 | 93.4 |
2012-07 | 94.2 | 91.0 | 95.5 | 92.1 |
2012-06 | 94.6 | 91.2 | 96.0 | 93.5 |
2012-05 | 93.1 | 94.8 | 95.3 | 95.6 |
2012-04 | 98.6 | 96.3 | 94.4 | 97.5 |
2012-03 | 101.9 | 96.8 | 103.3 | 96.9 |
2012-02 | 100.0 | 96.1 | 94.1 | 95.7 |
2012-01 | 99.4 | 96.2 | 95.3 | 93.9 |
2011-12 | 97.9 | 96.4 | 100.4 | 94.3 |
2011-11 | 101.7 | 96.0 | 102.5 | 94.0 |
2011-10 | 104.0 | 98.3 | 100.5 | 96.2 |
2011-09 | 101.5 | 99.6 | 99.2 | 97.8 |
2011-08 | 103.1 | 100.7 | 102.2 | 100.0 |
2011-07 | 110.9 | 102.8 | 104.3 | 104.5 |
2011-06 | 108.0 | 104.7 | 109.8 | 108.4 |
2011-05 | 109.3 | 103.6 | 105.6 | 107.2 |
2011-04 | 108.6 | 105.0 | 106.2 | 109.5 |
2011-03 | 106.3 | 106.9 | 106.6 | 109.2 |
2011-02 | 107.1 | 102.8 | 100.1 | 107.9 |
2011-01 | 108.8 | 104.6 | 105.5 | 104.8 |
graphiqueBusiness climates in a sector-based approach

- Legend: (C1): Manufacture of food products and beverages - (C3): Machinery and equipment goods - (C4): Manufacture of transport equipment - (C5): Other manufacturing
- Source: INSEE
tableauBusiness climates in a sector-based approach
NA* : (A17) et [A38 et A64] | Weights** (%) | Apr. 22 | May. 22 | Jun. 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(C1) Man. of food products and beverages | 20 | 108 | 106 | 108 |
(C3) Machinery and equipment goods | 11 | 113 | 111 | 111 |
[CI] Computer, electronic and optical products | 3 | 115 | 114 | 114 |
[CJ] Electrical equipment | 3 | 103 | 101 | 103 |
[CK] Machinery and equipment | 5 | 116 | 115 | 113 |
(C4) Man. of transport equipment | 18 | 102 | 102 | 103 |
[CL1] Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers | 9 | 98 | 97 | 99 |
[CL2] Other transport equipment | 9 | 103 | 103 | 103 |
(C5) Other manufacturing | 46 | 109 | 104 | 105 |
[CB] Textiles, clothing industries, leather and footwear industry | 2 | 106 | 107 | 113 |
[CC] Wood, paper, printing | 5 | 114 | 108 | 109 |
[CE] Chemicals and chemical products | 8 | 106 | 100 | 104 |
[CG] Rubber and plastic products | 7 | 109 | 101 | 102 |
[CH] Basic metals and fabricated metal products | 11 | 106 | 103 | 101 |
[CM] Other manufacturing industries / Manufacture of other industrial products | 9 | 109 | 109 | 108 |
- * NA: aggregated classification, based on the French classification of activities NAF rév.2.
- ** Weights used to aggregate sub-sector's balances of opinion.
- Source: INSEE - Monthly business tendency survey in industry
Revisions
The business climate in manufacturing industry of May 2022 has not been revised.
For further information
For questions with three possible answers, a balance of opinion is the difference between the weighted percentage of « above normal » or « increase » answers and the weighted percentage of « below normal » or « decrease » answers.
Since the definitive data of May 2020, the way of correcting non-response has been modified. The usual method was to fill in missing answers by carrying on past answers from non-responding companies. Results are now computed on the sole basis of responding companies.
Answers to this survey have been gathered between 27 May 2022 and 20 June 2022.
Additional information (methodology, links, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab.
Next issue: 21 July 2022 at 8:45 am.
Pour en savoir plus
For questions with three possible answers, a balance of opinion is the difference between the weighted percentage of « above normal » or « increase » answers and the weighted percentage of « below normal » or « decrease » answers.
Since the definitive data of May 2020, the way of correcting non-response has been modified. The usual method was to fill in missing answers by carrying on past answers from non-responding companies. Results are now computed on the sole basis of responding companies.
Answers to this survey have been gathered between 27 May 2022 and 20 June 2022.
Additional information (methodology, links, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab.
Next issue: 21 July 2022 at 8:45 am.