EMP T1 - Population aged 15 to 64 by economic activity
| Economic activity |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Altogether |
115 701 |
107 208 |
100 634 |
| Working age adult in % |
80,7 |
82,3 |
83,3 |
| Working age adults with a job in % |
71,4 |
72,8 |
75,2 |
| Unemployed workers in % |
9,3 |
9,5 |
8,1 |
| Economically inactive people in % |
19,3 |
17,7 |
16,7 |
| Pupils, students or interns in % |
10,4 |
10,1 |
9,9 |
| Retirees in % |
3,6 |
2,5 |
2,0 |
| Other economically inactive people in % |
5,3 |
5,1 |
4,9 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T2 - Economic activity and employment of the population aged 15 to 64 by sex and
by age in 2023
| Sex and age |
Population |
Active people |
Activity rate in % |
Working people |
Employment rate in % |
| Altogether |
100 634 |
83 797 |
83,3 |
75 678 |
75,2 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
17 269 |
7 606 |
44,0 |
6 429 |
37,2 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
69 009 |
64 926 |
94,1 |
59 251 |
85,9 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
14 356 |
11 265 |
78,5 |
9 998 |
69,6 |
| Male |
48 450 |
41 015 |
84,7 |
37 109 |
76,6 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
7 649 |
3 186 |
41,6 |
2 667 |
34,9 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
33 804 |
32 123 |
95,0 |
29 414 |
87,0 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
6 997 |
5 706 |
81,6 |
5 028 |
71,9 |
| Female |
52 185 |
42 782 |
82,0 |
38 569 |
73,9 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
9 620 |
4 421 |
46,0 |
3 762 |
39,1 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
35 205 |
32 802 |
93,2 |
29 836 |
84,7 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
7 359 |
5 559 |
75,5 |
4 970 |
67,5 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G1 - Population aged 15 to 64 by economic activity category in 2023
|
Population in % |
| Working age adults who have a job |
75,2 |
| Unemployed workers |
8,1 |
| Retirees |
2,0 |
| Pupils, students or interns |
9,9 |
| Other economically inactive people |
4,9 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T3 - Population aged 15 to 64 by current or previous socioprofessional group
| Socioprofessional group |
2012 |
including working people |
2017 |
including working people |
2023 |
including working people |
| Altogether |
92 473 |
82 646 |
87 300 |
77 982 |
83 041 |
76 276 |
| Farmers |
53 |
43 |
8 |
8 |
13 |
12 |
| Craftsmen, merchants and business owners |
3 824 |
3 428 |
4 205 |
3 807 |
3 857 |
3 610 |
| Executives and higher-level intellectual professions |
41 980 |
39 492 |
42 304 |
39 724 |
46 531 |
44 198 |
| Technicians and associate professionals |
23 552 |
20 702 |
21 473 |
18 647 |
17 805 |
16 133 |
| Office employees |
16 747 |
14 084 |
14 347 |
11 980 |
11 001 |
9 244 |
| Workers |
6 318 |
4 898 |
4 963 |
3 817 |
3 832 |
3 079 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional operations, geography as of
01/01/2026.
EMP T4 - Unemployment of the 15-64 aged population
| Number of unemployed workers and unemployment rate |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number of unemployed workers |
10 749 |
10 186 |
8 119 |
| Unemployment rate in % |
11,5 |
11,5 |
9,7 |
| Unemployment of the 15-24 aged |
18,4 |
18,8 |
15,5 |
| Unemployment of the 25-54 aged |
10,9 |
10,7 |
8,7 |
| Unemployment of the 55-64 aged |
10,1 |
12,2 |
11,2 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G2 - Unemployment rate of the 15-64 aged population by level of graduation
|
Unemployment rate in % |
| No diploma or primary education certificate |
21,1 |
| BEPC brevet des collèges or DNB |
18,5 |
| CAP, BEP or equivalent |
16,7 |
| Baccalauréat, brevet professionnel or equivalent |
16,8 |
| 2 years at university |
11,4 |
| 3 to 4 years at university |
11,4 |
| 5 years or more at university |
6,0 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T5 - Employment and activity
| Employment activity |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number of jobs in the area |
87 788 |
80 748 |
80 668 |
| Working age adult living in the area |
83 931 |
79 939 |
77 803 |
| Occupational concentration by industry |
104,6 |
101,0 |
103,7 |
| Employment rate of 15 years old or above in % |
69,9 |
69,9 |
69,6 |
- The employment concentration indicator is equal to the number of jobs in the zone
per 100 active persons with a job residing in the zone.
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations holdings, place of residence
and place of work, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T6 - Employment by working status
| Working status |
2012 |
% |
2017 |
% |
2023 |
% |
| Altogether |
87 803 |
100,0 |
80 762 |
100,0 |
80 677 |
100,0 |
| Employee |
72 422 |
82,5 |
63 826 |
79,0 |
64 636 |
80,1 |
| including women |
38 156 |
43,5 |
32 274 |
40,0 |
33 337 |
41,3 |
| including part time jobs |
13 355 |
15,2 |
11 685 |
14,5 |
9 940 |
12,3 |
| Non-employee |
15 380 |
17,5 |
16 936 |
21,0 |
16 041 |
19,9 |
| including women |
5 762 |
6,6 |
6 670 |
8,3 |
6 529 |
8,1 |
| including part time jobs |
2 731 |
3,1 |
3 516 |
4,4 |
3 272 |
4,1 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations workplaces, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T7 - Employment by socioprofessional group in 2023
| Socioprofessional group |
Number |
% |
| Altogether |
80 996 |
100,0 |
| Farmer operators |
15 |
0,0 |
| Handicrafters, traders, business leaders |
5 428 |
6,7 |
| Managers and higher intellectual professions |
32 053 |
39,6 |
| Intermediate professions |
20 434 |
25,2 |
| Employees |
15 726 |
19,4 |
| Workers |
7 341 |
9,1 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G3 - Employment by socioprofessional group
|
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Farmer operators |
0,1 |
0,0 |
0,0 |
| Handicrafters, traders, business leaders |
6,1 |
7,5 |
6,7 |
| Managers and higher intellectual professions |
31,9 |
31,3 |
39,6 |
| Intermediate professions |
27,6 |
27,8 |
25,2 |
| Employees |
24,1 |
23,2 |
19,4 |
| Workers |
10,2 |
10,2 |
9,1 |
- Sources: Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
- Sources: Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T8 - Employment by industry sector
| Economic sector |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
including women in % |
including employees % |
| Altogether |
87 187 |
100,0 |
79 197 |
100,0 |
80 996 |
100,0 |
50,3 |
81,8 |
| Agriculture |
44 |
0,1 |
25 |
0,0 |
34 |
0,0 |
60,1 |
74,5 |
| Industry |
5 261 |
6,0 |
4 195 |
5,3 |
3 579 |
4,4 |
47,6 |
84,3 |
| Construction |
3 215 |
3,7 |
3 119 |
3,9 |
2 834 |
3,5 |
14,8 |
81,1 |
| Wholesale and retail trade/transports/accommodations and food service activities |
59 702 |
68,5 |
54 826 |
69,2 |
58 665 |
72,4 |
48,0 |
79,9 |
| Public administration/education/human health/social work |
18 965 |
21,8 |
17 033 |
21,5 |
15 884 |
19,6 |
65,6 |
88,4 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G4 - Feminisation rate of employment by status and economic sectors in 2023
|
Employees |
Non-employees |
| Agriculture |
46,4 |
100,0 |
| Industry |
47,4 |
49,0 |
| Construction |
16,5 |
7,3 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, transports, accommodations and food service activities |
49,9 |
40,2 |
| Public administration, education, human health, social work |
66,5 |
58,6 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
