EMP T1 - Population aged 15 to 64 by economic activity
| Economic activity |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Altogether |
111 227 |
105 450 |
102 079 |
| Working age adult in % |
72,9 |
73,7 |
75,1 |
| Working age adults with a job in % |
62,1 |
62,6 |
65,0 |
| Unemployed workers in % |
10,8 |
11,0 |
10,1 |
| Economically inactive people in % |
27,1 |
26,3 |
24,9 |
| Pupils, students or interns in % |
8,1 |
8,1 |
8,5 |
| Retirees in % |
9,4 |
8,2 |
6,4 |
| Other economically inactive people in % |
9,7 |
10,0 |
10,0 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T2 - Economic activity and employment of the population aged 15 to 64 by sex and
by age in 2023
| Sex and age |
Population |
Active people |
Activity rate in % |
Working people |
Employment rate in % |
| Altogether |
102 079 |
76 628 |
75,1 |
66 315 |
65,0 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
18 582 |
8 965 |
48,2 |
6 883 |
37,0 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
61 256 |
54 600 |
89,1 |
47 786 |
78,0 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
22 241 |
13 062 |
58,7 |
11 645 |
52,4 |
| Male |
51 488 |
40 845 |
79,3 |
35 415 |
68,8 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
9 880 |
5 212 |
52,8 |
4 003 |
40,5 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
30 626 |
28 950 |
94,5 |
25 474 |
83,2 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
10 981 |
6 683 |
60,9 |
5 938 |
54,1 |
| Female |
50 591 |
35 782 |
70,7 |
30 900 |
61,1 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
8 701 |
3 753 |
43,1 |
2 880 |
33,1 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
30 630 |
25 651 |
83,7 |
22 312 |
72,8 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
11 260 |
6 379 |
56,7 |
5 707 |
50,7 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G1 - Population aged 15 to 64 by economic activity category in 2023
|
Population in % |
| Working age adults who have a job |
65,0 |
| Unemployed workers |
10,1 |
| Retirees |
6,4 |
| Pupils, students or interns |
8,5 |
| Other economically inactive people |
10,0 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T3 - Population aged 15 to 64 by current or previous socioprofessional group
| Socioprofessional group |
2012 |
including working people |
2017 |
including working people |
2023 |
including working people |
| Altogether |
79 561 |
68 676 |
76 500 |
66 062 |
75 219 |
66 441 |
| Farmers |
906 |
902 |
860 |
824 |
904 |
899 |
| Craftsmen, merchants and business owners |
3 714 |
3 386 |
3 681 |
3 373 |
3 908 |
3 559 |
| Executives and higher-level intellectual professions |
7 804 |
7 510 |
7 833 |
7 531 |
8 404 |
8 022 |
| Technicians and associate professionals |
17 967 |
16 397 |
17 090 |
15 699 |
17 657 |
16 485 |
| Office employees |
19 723 |
16 574 |
18 931 |
15 720 |
18 490 |
15 736 |
| Workers |
29 447 |
23 907 |
28 106 |
22 914 |
25 857 |
21 739 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional operations, geography as of
01/01/2026.
EMP T4 - Unemployment of the 15-64 aged population
| Number of unemployed workers and unemployment rate |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number of unemployed workers |
11 975 |
11 623 |
10 313 |
| Unemployment rate in % |
14,8 |
15,0 |
13,5 |
| Unemployment of the 15-24 aged |
30,1 |
27,9 |
23,2 |
| Unemployment of the 25-54 aged |
12,7 |
13,3 |
12,5 |
| Unemployment of the 55-64 aged |
12,9 |
13,6 |
10,9 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G2 - Unemployment rate of the 15-64 aged population by level of graduation
|
Unemployment rate in % |
| No diploma or primary education certificate |
24,8 |
| BEPC brevet des collèges or DNB |
19,5 |
| CAP, BEP or equivalent |
15,4 |
| Baccalauréat, brevet professionnel or equivalent |
12,7 |
| 2 years at university |
8,2 |
| 3 to 4 years at university |
7,0 |
| 5 years or more at university |
6,7 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T5 - Employment and activity
| Employment activity |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number of jobs in the area |
71 760 |
66 944 |
62 760 |
| Working age adult living in the area |
69 520 |
66 781 |
67 323 |
| Occupational concentration by industry |
103,2 |
100,2 |
93,2 |
| Employment rate of 15 years old or above in % |
56,4 |
54,8 |
54,3 |
- The employment concentration indicator is equal to the number of jobs in the zone
per 100 active persons with a job residing in the zone.
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations holdings, place of residence
and place of work, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T6 - Employment by working status
| Working status |
2012 |
% |
2017 |
% |
2023 |
% |
| Altogether |
71 782 |
100,0 |
66 966 |
100,0 |
62 782 |
100,0 |
| Employee |
65 082 |
90,7 |
60 497 |
90,3 |
56 053 |
89,3 |
| including women |
29 545 |
41,2 |
27 521 |
41,1 |
25 846 |
41,2 |
| including part time jobs |
11 557 |
16,1 |
10 805 |
16,1 |
9 567 |
15,2 |
| Non-employee |
6 701 |
9,3 |
6 469 |
9,7 |
6 729 |
10,7 |
| including women |
2 347 |
3,3 |
2 382 |
3,6 |
2 586 |
4,1 |
| including part time jobs |
779 |
1,1 |
848 |
1,3 |
954 |
1,5 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations workplaces, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T7 - Employment by socioprofessional group in 2023
| Socioprofessional group |
Number |
% |
| Altogether |
62 465 |
100,0 |
| Farmer operators |
898 |
1,4 |
| Handicrafters, traders, business leaders |
3 691 |
5,9 |
| Managers and higher intellectual professions |
8 801 |
14,1 |
| Intermediate professions |
15 716 |
25,2 |
| Employees |
14 209 |
22,7 |
| Workers |
19 151 |
30,7 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G3 - Employment by socioprofessional group
|
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Farmer operators |
1,3 |
1,3 |
1,4 |
| Handicrafters, traders, business leaders |
4,9 |
5,2 |
5,9 |
| Managers and higher intellectual professions |
12,6 |
13,6 |
14,1 |
| Intermediate professions |
24,1 |
24,2 |
25,2 |
| Employees |
23,4 |
23,0 |
22,7 |
| Workers |
33,7 |
32,7 |
30,7 |
- Sources: Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
- Sources: Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T8 - Employment by industry sector
| Economic sector |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
including women in % |
including employees % |
| Altogether |
71 088 |
100,0 |
66 451 |
100,0 |
62 465 |
100,0 |
45,3 |
89,9 |
| Agriculture |
1 340 |
1,9 |
1 126 |
1,7 |
1 243 |
2,0 |
28,1 |
28,2 |
| Industry |
23 804 |
33,5 |
19 704 |
29,7 |
17 256 |
27,6 |
29,5 |
97,3 |
| Construction |
4 161 |
5,9 |
3 440 |
5,2 |
3 652 |
5,8 |
9,6 |
77,5 |
| Wholesale and retail trade/transports/accommodations and food service activities |
23 431 |
33,0 |
24 856 |
37,4 |
23 726 |
38,0 |
45,4 |
86,7 |
| Public administration/education/human health/social work |
18 352 |
25,8 |
17 324 |
26,1 |
16 588 |
26,6 |
70,8 |
94,2 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G4 - Feminisation rate of employment by status and economic sectors in 2023
|
Employees |
Non-employees |
| Agriculture |
27,8 |
28,2 |
| Industry |
29,6 |
26,1 |
| Construction |
11,2 |
4,0 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, transports, accommodations and food service activities |
45,8 |
42,7 |
| Public administration, education, human health, social work |
71,2 |
64,8 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
