EMP T1 - Population aged 15 to 64 by economic activity
| Economic activity |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Altogether |
129 279 |
124 224 |
121 496 |
| Working age adult in % |
67,6 |
68,9 |
71,8 |
| Working age adults with a job in % |
54,6 |
55,7 |
59,8 |
| Unemployed workers in % |
13,0 |
13,2 |
12,0 |
| Economically inactive people in % |
32,4 |
31,1 |
28,2 |
| Pupils, students or interns in % |
10,0 |
10,4 |
10,1 |
| Retirees in % |
8,8 |
7,5 |
5,7 |
| Other economically inactive people in % |
13,5 |
13,2 |
12,3 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T2 - Economic activity and employment of the population aged 15 to 64 by sex and
by age in 2023
| Sex and age |
Population |
Active people |
Activity rate in % |
Working people |
Employment rate in % |
| Altogether |
121 496 |
87 265 |
71,8 |
72 644 |
59,8 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
25 349 |
11 439 |
45,1 |
7 633 |
30,1 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
71 684 |
62 491 |
87,2 |
53 443 |
74,6 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
24 464 |
13 335 |
54,5 |
11 568 |
47,3 |
| Male |
60 501 |
45 904 |
75,9 |
38 455 |
63,6 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
13 450 |
6 441 |
47,9 |
4 271 |
31,8 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
35 225 |
32 544 |
92,4 |
28 228 |
80,1 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
11 826 |
6 919 |
58,5 |
5 956 |
50,4 |
| Female |
60 995 |
41 361 |
67,8 |
34 189 |
56,1 |
| 15 to 24 years old |
11 899 |
4 998 |
42,0 |
3 361 |
28,2 |
| 25 to 54 years old |
36 459 |
29 947 |
82,1 |
25 216 |
69,2 |
| 55 to 64 years old |
12 638 |
6 416 |
50,8 |
5 612 |
44,4 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G1 - Population aged 15 to 64 by economic activity category in 2023
|
Population in % |
| Working age adults who have a job |
59,8 |
| Unemployed workers |
12,0 |
| Retirees |
5,7 |
| Pupils, students or interns |
10,1 |
| Other economically inactive people |
12,3 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T3 - Population aged 15 to 64 by current or previous socioprofessional group
| Socioprofessional group |
2012 |
including working people |
2017 |
including working people |
2023 |
including working people |
| Altogether |
84 410 |
70 131 |
82 378 |
68 230 |
85 007 |
73 095 |
| Farmers |
270 |
265 |
322 |
317 |
201 |
192 |
| Craftsmen, merchants and business owners |
3 159 |
2 754 |
3 101 |
2 811 |
4 173 |
3 758 |
| Executives and higher-level intellectual professions |
7 586 |
7 338 |
7 671 |
7 314 |
8 962 |
8 684 |
| Technicians and associate professionals |
19 645 |
17 822 |
18 857 |
17 005 |
20 376 |
18 801 |
| Office employees |
27 065 |
21 832 |
26 480 |
21 249 |
25 571 |
21 270 |
| Workers |
26 685 |
20 119 |
25 947 |
19 533 |
25 724 |
20 390 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional operations, geography as of
01/01/2026.
EMP T4 - Unemployment of the 15-64 aged population
| Number of unemployed workers and unemployment rate |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number of unemployed workers |
16 830 |
16 390 |
14 621 |
| Unemployment rate in % |
19,2 |
19,1 |
16,8 |
| Unemployment of the 15-24 aged |
42,0 |
40,5 |
33,3 |
| Unemployment of the 25-54 aged |
16,4 |
16,6 |
14,5 |
| Unemployment of the 55-64 aged |
13,4 |
15,2 |
13,3 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G2 - Unemployment rate of the 15-64 aged population by level of graduation
|
Unemployment rate in % |
| No diploma or primary education certificate |
34,3 |
| BEPC brevet des collèges or DNB |
27,0 |
| CAP, BEP or equivalent |
19,7 |
| Baccalauréat, brevet professionnel or equivalent |
16,0 |
| 2 years at university |
9,3 |
| 3 to 4 years at university |
6,1 |
| 5 years or more at university |
6,0 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 main operation, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T5 - Employment and activity
| Employment activity |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number of jobs in the area |
66 428 |
66 900 |
69 954 |
| Working age adult living in the area |
71 102 |
69 866 |
73 509 |
| Occupational concentration by industry |
93,4 |
95,8 |
95,2 |
| Employment rate of 15 years old or above in % |
54,6 |
54,1 |
54,7 |
- The employment concentration indicator is equal to the number of jobs in the zone
per 100 active persons with a job residing in the zone.
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations holdings, place of residence
and place of work, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T6 - Employment by working status
| Working status |
2012 |
% |
2017 |
% |
2023 |
% |
| Altogether |
66 440 |
100,0 |
66 906 |
100,0 |
69 983 |
100,0 |
| Employee |
60 842 |
91,6 |
61 432 |
91,8 |
63 656 |
91,0 |
| including women |
28 990 |
43,6 |
29 419 |
44,0 |
31 327 |
44,8 |
| including part time jobs |
12 744 |
19,2 |
12 013 |
18,0 |
11 124 |
15,9 |
| Non-employee |
5 598 |
8,4 |
5 474 |
8,2 |
6 327 |
9,0 |
| including women |
1 919 |
2,9 |
2 033 |
3,0 |
2 491 |
3,6 |
| including part time jobs |
573 |
0,9 |
647 |
1,0 |
880 |
1,3 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, main operations workplaces, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T7 - Employment by socioprofessional group in 2023
| Socioprofessional group |
Number |
% |
| Altogether |
70 874 |
100,0 |
| Farmer operators |
263 |
0,4 |
| Handicrafters, traders, business leaders |
3 825 |
5,4 |
| Managers and higher intellectual professions |
8 813 |
12,4 |
| Intermediate professions |
17 785 |
25,1 |
| Employees |
19 737 |
27,8 |
| Workers |
20 450 |
28,9 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G3 - Employment by socioprofessional group
|
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Farmer operators |
0,5 |
0,6 |
0,4 |
| Handicrafters, traders, business leaders |
4,5 |
4,5 |
5,4 |
| Managers and higher intellectual professions |
11,4 |
11,6 |
12,4 |
| Intermediate professions |
25,1 |
24,8 |
25,1 |
| Employees |
30,5 |
30,1 |
27,8 |
| Workers |
28,0 |
28,4 |
28,9 |
- Sources: Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
- Sources: Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP T8 - Employment by industry sector
| Economic sector |
2012 |
2017 |
2023 |
| Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
including women in % |
including employees % |
| Altogether |
66 551 |
100,0 |
66 379 |
100,0 |
70 874 |
100,0 |
49,0 |
91,5 |
| Agriculture |
660 |
1,0 |
856 |
1,3 |
746 |
1,1 |
28,8 |
67,1 |
| Industry |
12 196 |
18,3 |
10 734 |
16,2 |
10 644 |
15,0 |
21,2 |
95,5 |
| Construction |
3 779 |
5,7 |
3 272 |
4,9 |
3 797 |
5,4 |
12,5 |
81,8 |
| Wholesale and retail trade/transports/accommodations and food service activities |
24 158 |
36,3 |
26 434 |
39,8 |
30 948 |
43,7 |
46,7 |
89,2 |
| Public administration/education/human health/social work |
25 758 |
38,7 |
25 083 |
37,8 |
24 739 |
34,9 |
70,0 |
95,0 |
- Sources : Insee, RP2012, RP2017 and RP2023, additional work place of work, geography
as of 01/01/2026.
EMP G4 - Feminisation rate of employment by status and economic sectors in 2023
|
Employees |
Non-employees |
| Agriculture |
34,6 |
17,2 |
| Industry |
20,7 |
32,1 |
| Construction |
13,9 |
6,1 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, transports, accommodations and food service activities |
47,2 |
42,4 |
| Public administration, education, human health, social work |
70,5 |
60,2 |
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.
- Source : Insee, RP2023 additional operation at the workplace, geography as of 01/01/2026.