Insee Focus · December 2025 · n° 372

French productive fabric by company category in 2023 More than one in two intermediate-sized businesses belongs to a multinational group

In 2023, two-thirds of the turnover of companies in the French productive system were generated by intermediate-sized businesses (ISBs) and large businesses (LBs), which are often multinational and industrial. Small and medium businesses (SMBs), excluding micro-businesses, which accounted for less than a quarter of total turnover, had more varied profiles: the vast majority were independent or belonged to a group of companies composed exclusively of French firms, while less than one in ten SMBs belonged to a multinational. Finally, the very large number of micro-businesses, almost all of them independent, accounted for 12% of total turnover.