Informations Rapides ·
19 December 2024 · n° 319
In December 2024, the business climate in services has darkened again Monthly survey of services - December 2024
According to the business managers surveyed in December 2024, the business climate in services has darkened again. At 96, the indicator that synthesizes it has lost two points after losing three points the previous month (after rounding). This further deterioration is mainly due to the fallback in the forward-looking balances of opinion on the demand and activity.
According to the business managers surveyed in December 2024, the business climate in services has darkened again. At 96, the indicator that synthesizes it has lost two points after losing three points the previous month (after rounding). This further deterioration is mainly due to the fallback in the forward-looking balances of opinion on the demand and activity.
tableauBusiness climate composite indicator
| Business climate composite indicator | |
|---|---|
| 2024-12 | 96.4 |
| 2024-11 | 98.3 |
| 2024-10 | 100.8 |
| 2024-09 | 99.2 |
| 2024-08 | 97.9 |
| 2024-07 | 95.1 |
| 2024-06 | 101.0 |
| 2024-05 | 102.4 |
| 2024-04 | 100.1 |
| 2024-03 | 101.7 |
| 2024-02 | 99.9 |
| 2024-01 | 101.1 |
| 2023-12 | 100.3 |
| 2023-11 | 100.0 |
| 2023-10 | 100.5 |
| 2023-09 | 101.4 |
| 2023-08 | 101.6 |
| 2023-07 | 101.5 |
| 2023-06 | 101.6 |
| 2023-05 | 101.4 |
| 2023-04 | 102.9 |
| 2023-03 | 103.6 |
| 2023-02 | 105.3 |
| 2023-01 | 104.0 |
| 2022-12 | 103.6 |
| 2022-11 | 103.8 |
| 2022-10 | 104.9 |
| 2022-09 | 105.6 |
| 2022-08 | 106.6 |
| 2022-07 | 106.1 |
| 2022-06 | 107.4 |
| 2022-05 | 109.0 |
| 2022-04 | 108.3 |
| 2022-03 | 107.9 |
| 2022-02 | 112.0 |
| 2022-01 | 104.9 |
| 2021-12 | 107.3 |
| 2021-11 | 114.0 |
| 2021-10 | 113.2 |
| 2021-09 | 110.5 |
| 2021-08 | 108.9 |
| 2021-07 | 111.1 |
| 2021-06 | 112.6 |
| 2021-05 | 106.9 |
| 2021-04 | 91.4 |
| 2021-03 | 93.2 |
| 2021-02 | 87.6 |
| 2021-01 | 90.8 |
| 2020-12 | 89.2 |
| 2020-11 | 75.5 |
| 2020-10 | 87.5 |
| 2020-09 | 93.7 |
| 2020-08 | 93.6 |
| 2020-07 | 88.6 |
| 2020-06 | 77.4 |
| 2020-05 | 49.2 |
| 2020-04 | 37.8 |
| 2020-03 | 91.7 |
| 2020-02 | 105.9 |
| 2020-01 | 106.0 |
| 2019-12 | 106.4 |
| 2019-11 | 105.9 |
| 2019-10 | 105.6 |
| 2019-09 | 105.9 |
| 2019-08 | 105.5 |
| 2019-07 | 105.0 |
| 2019-06 | 105.8 |
| 2019-05 | 105.5 |
| 2019-04 | 105.5 |
| 2019-03 | 104.4 |
| 2019-02 | 103.7 |
| 2019-01 | 103.5 |
| 2018-12 | 101.7 |
| 2018-11 | 103.5 |
| 2018-10 | 103.2 |
| 2018-09 | 104.7 |
| 2018-08 | 104.4 |
| 2018-07 | 104.6 |
| 2018-06 | 104.6 |
| 2018-05 | 104.3 |
| 2018-04 | 105.9 |
| 2018-03 | 106.8 |
| 2018-02 | 106.9 |
| 2018-01 | 107.7 |
| 2017-12 | 108.8 |
| 2017-11 | 107.2 |
| 2017-10 | 106.7 |
| 2017-09 | 106.8 |
| 2017-08 | 106.8 |
| 2017-07 | 104.1 |
| 2017-06 | 103.5 |
| 2017-05 | 102.9 |
| 2017-04 | 103.1 |
| 2017-03 | 103.1 |
| 2017-02 | 102.9 |
| 2017-01 | 101.7 |
| 2016-12 | 103.6 |
| 2016-11 | 100.9 |
| 2016-10 | 100.8 |
| 2016-09 | 100.7 |
| 2016-08 | 100.1 |
| 2016-07 | 100.4 |
| 2016-06 | 99.2 |
| 2016-05 | 100.7 |
| 2016-04 | 98.3 |
| 2016-03 | 99.5 |
| 2016-02 | 99.9 |
| 2016-01 | 100.2 |
| 2015-12 | 97.1 |
| 2015-11 | 99.3 |
| 2015-10 | 99.4 |
| 2015-09 | 97.6 |
| 2015-08 | 98.5 |
| 2015-07 | 97.4 |
| 2015-06 | 96.8 |
| 2015-05 | 95.4 |
| 2015-04 | 93.9 |
| 2015-03 | 92.3 |
| 2015-02 | 91.4 |
| 2015-01 | 91.1 |
| 2014-12 | 91.3 |
| 2014-11 | 91.1 |
| 2014-10 | 91.0 |
| 2014-09 | 90.9 |
| 2014-08 | 91.4 |
| 2014-07 | 92.4 |
| 2014-06 | 92.2 |
| 2014-05 | 92.2 |
| 2014-04 | 93.2 |
| 2014-03 | 93.1 |
| 2014-02 | 92.1 |
| 2014-01 | 92.2 |
| 2013-12 | 90.8 |
| 2013-11 | 92.3 |
| 2013-10 | 91.8 |
| 2013-09 | 92.3 |
| 2013-08 | 88.6 |
| 2013-07 | 86.5 |
| 2013-06 | 85.8 |
| 2013-05 | 84.4 |
| 2013-04 | 83.1 |
| 2013-03 | 84.0 |
| 2013-02 | 87.0 |
| 2013-01 | 88.0 |
| 2012-12 | 87.0 |
| 2012-11 | 85.5 |
| 2012-10 | 85.9 |
| 2012-09 | 87.0 |
| 2012-08 | 87.3 |
| 2012-07 | 89.5 |
| 2012-06 | 90.0 |
| 2012-05 | 91.9 |
| 2012-04 | 95.6 |
| 2012-03 | 93.2 |
| 2012-02 | 91.8 |
| 2012-01 | 92.3 |
| 2011-12 | 94.4 |
| 2011-11 | 95.0 |
| 2011-10 | 97.2 |
| 2011-09 | 98.3 |
| 2011-08 | 100.6 |
| 2011-07 | 105.2 |
| 2011-06 | 107.2 |
| 2011-05 | 107.5 |
| 2011-04 | 108.9 |
| 2011-03 | 110.4 |
| 2011-02 | 109.3 |
| 2011-01 | 107.3 |
| 2010-12 | 106.9 |
| 2010-11 | 104.9 |
| 2010-10 | 102.9 |
| 2010-09 | 101.7 |
| 2010-08 | 100.7 |
| 2010-07 | 99.2 |
| 2010-06 | 98.3 |
| 2010-05 | 99.4 |
| 2010-04 | 97.8 |
| 2010-03 | 94.4 |
| 2010-02 | 94.3 |
| 2010-01 | 94.0 |
| 2009-12 | 92.6 |
| 2009-11 | 92.2 |
| 2009-10 | 90.6 |
| 2009-09 | 87.4 |
| 2009-08 | 84.1 |
| 2009-07 | 81.5 |
| 2009-06 | 77.7 |
| 2009-05 | 73.0 |
| 2009-04 | 68.7 |
| 2009-03 | 68.2 |
| 2009-02 | 73.3 |
| 2009-01 | 74.6 |
| 2008-12 | 77.2 |
| 2008-11 | 80.1 |
| 2008-10 | 84.1 |
| 2008-09 | 92.9 |
| 2008-08 | 94.9 |
| 2008-07 | 96.4 |
| 2008-06 | 100.8 |
| 2008-05 | 104.1 |
| 2008-04 | 106.7 |
| 2008-03 | 108.5 |
| 2008-02 | 108.5 |
| 2008-01 | 110.4 |
| 2007-12 | 109.1 |
| 2007-11 | 110.2 |
| 2007-10 | 110.1 |
| 2007-09 | 111.6 |
| 2007-08 | 112.4 |
| 2007-07 | 113.2 |
| 2007-06 | 112.8 |
| 2007-05 | 113.0 |
| 2007-04 | 113.1 |
| 2007-03 | 113.4 |
| 2007-02 | 112.5 |
| 2007-01 | 111.0 |
| 2006-12 | 111.3 |
| 2006-11 | 113.1 |
| 2006-10 | 110.8 |
| 2006-09 | 110.7 |
| 2006-08 | 110.5 |
| 2006-07 | 110.4 |
| 2006-06 | 109.2 |
| 2006-05 | 110.5 |
| 2006-04 | 107.8 |
| 2006-03 | 107.5 |
| 2006-02 | 106.3 |
| 2006-01 | 109.1 |
| 2005-12 | 107.1 |
| 2005-11 | 106.6 |
| 2005-10 | 108.4 |
| 2005-09 | 106.8 |
| 2005-08 | 107.2 |
| 2005-07 | 107.6 |
| 2005-06 | 108.3 |
| 2005-05 | 106.2 |
| 2005-04 | 108.1 |
| 2005-03 | 108.3 |
| 2005-02 | 106.4 |
| 2005-01 | 106.5 |
graphiqueBusiness climate composite indicator
- Source: INSEE.
In December 2024, the business managers in services are more pessimistic than in the previous month about their business outlook
In December 2024, the business managers in services are more pessimistic than in the previous month about their business outlook: the balances of opinion on the expected demand and activity have decreased again and stand well below their average level. Similarly, the balance on the general business outlook has diminished again and has moved away from its own but more moderately. Conversely, the balance related to the past activity has rebounded and has reached its average level.
Concerning the selling prices, the associated balances of opinion on their recent and expected change have rebounded and have moved away from their respective average.
At the same time, the balance on the economic uncertainty felt has slightly rebounded.
The balance of opinion on the past and expected workforce size have retreated, well below their average.
tableauExpected prices in services
| Expected prices | |
|---|---|
| 2024-12 | 3.7 |
| 2024-11 | -0.7 |
| 2024-10 | 7.3 |
| 2024-09 | 2.8 |
| 2024-08 | 1.0 |
| 2024-07 | 2.9 |
| 2024-06 | 4.3 |
| 2024-05 | 2.8 |
| 2024-04 | 7.2 |
| 2024-03 | 8.2 |
| 2024-02 | 7.7 |
| 2024-01 | 6.8 |
| 2023-12 | 7.0 |
| 2023-11 | 3.7 |
| 2023-10 | 5.3 |
| 2023-09 | 7.6 |
| 2023-08 | 6.9 |
| 2023-07 | 6.3 |
| 2023-06 | 6.2 |
| 2023-05 | 7.0 |
| 2023-04 | 13.4 |
| 2023-03 | 14.1 |
| 2023-02 | 15.8 |
| 2023-01 | 19.1 |
| 2022-12 | 17.3 |
| 2022-11 | 12.4 |
| 2022-10 | 12.2 |
| 2022-09 | 10.4 |
| 2022-08 | 10.3 |
| 2022-07 | 10.9 |
| 2022-06 | 10.9 |
| 2022-05 | 9.9 |
| 2022-04 | 11.6 |
| 2022-03 | 7.7 |
| 2022-02 | 8.0 |
| 2022-01 | 7.4 |
| 2021-12 | 6.5 |
| 2021-11 | 6.3 |
| 2021-10 | 4.4 |
| 2021-09 | 3.3 |
| 2021-08 | 4.0 |
| 2021-07 | 3.8 |
| 2021-06 | 0.6 |
| 2021-05 | -1.1 |
| 2021-04 | -8.6 |
| 2021-03 | -7.6 |
| 2021-02 | -11.5 |
| 2021-01 | -9.8 |
| 2020-12 | -7.3 |
| 2020-11 | -13.0 |
| 2020-10 | -9.0 |
| 2020-09 | -3.4 |
| 2020-08 | -5.4 |
| 2020-07 | -8.6 |
| 2020-06 | -12.6 |
| 2020-05 | -22.9 |
| 2020-04 | -23.1 |
| 2020-03 | -3.4 |
| 2020-02 | 0.5 |
| 2020-01 | 0.1 |
| 2019-12 | 0.8 |
| 2019-11 | -0.4 |
| 2019-10 | 1.6 |
| 2019-09 | -1.1 |
| 2019-08 | -1.1 |
| 2019-07 | 0.1 |
| 2019-06 | 0.2 |
| 2019-05 | -2.0 |
| 2019-04 | -2.5 |
| 2019-03 | -1.0 |
| 2019-02 | -2.3 |
| 2019-01 | -2.2 |
| 2018-12 | 0.3 |
| 2018-11 | -2.5 |
| 2018-10 | -2.9 |
| 2018-09 | -2.1 |
| 2018-08 | -0.7 |
| 2018-07 | -6.8 |
| 2018-06 | -4.8 |
| 2018-05 | -2.2 |
| 2018-04 | -3.0 |
| 2018-03 | -3.2 |
| 2018-02 | -3.4 |
| 2018-01 | -2.4 |
| 2017-12 | -3.3 |
| 2017-11 | -2.7 |
| 2017-10 | -2.5 |
| 2017-09 | -2.4 |
| 2017-08 | -5.6 |
| 2017-07 | -7.0 |
| 2017-06 | -4.2 |
| 2017-05 | -5.1 |
| 2017-04 | -5.3 |
| 2017-03 | -3.7 |
| 2017-02 | -3.2 |
| 2017-01 | -6.3 |
| 2016-12 | -5.5 |
| 2016-11 | -7.7 |
| 2016-10 | -6.8 |
| 2016-09 | -4.8 |
| 2016-08 | -5.2 |
| 2016-07 | -4.7 |
| 2016-06 | -6.8 |
| 2016-05 | -6.2 |
| 2016-04 | -4.9 |
| 2016-03 | -5.1 |
| 2016-02 | -4.6 |
| 2016-01 | -8.5 |
| 2015-12 | -8.9 |
| 2015-11 | -5.8 |
| 2015-10 | -5.9 |
| 2015-09 | -7.5 |
| 2015-08 | -6.4 |
| 2015-07 | -6.9 |
| 2015-06 | -6.1 |
| 2015-05 | -6.2 |
| 2015-04 | -7.8 |
| 2015-03 | -9.8 |
| 2015-02 | -9.7 |
| 2015-01 | -11.4 |
| 2014-12 | -11.0 |
| 2014-11 | -10.3 |
| 2014-10 | -9.5 |
| 2014-09 | -10.6 |
| 2014-08 | -9.0 |
| 2014-07 | -9.2 |
| 2014-06 | -9.3 |
| 2014-05 | -9.9 |
| 2014-04 | -9.6 |
| 2014-03 | -10.8 |
| 2014-02 | -11.0 |
| 2014-01 | -8.4 |
| 2013-12 | -9.4 |
| 2013-11 | -8.5 |
| 2013-10 | -10.1 |
| 2013-09 | -10.4 |
| 2013-08 | -10.7 |
| 2013-07 | -12.3 |
| 2013-06 | -12.0 |
| 2013-05 | -12.3 |
| 2013-04 | -12.3 |
| 2013-03 | -12.0 |
| 2013-02 | -11.9 |
| 2013-01 | -9.8 |
| 2012-12 | -9.2 |
| 2012-11 | -9.6 |
| 2012-10 | -11.0 |
| 2012-09 | -7.6 |
| 2012-08 | -7.8 |
| 2012-07 | -4.3 |
| 2012-06 | -6.0 |
| 2012-05 | -5.6 |
| 2012-04 | -4.2 |
| 2012-03 | -0.7 |
| 2012-02 | -3.4 |
| 2012-01 | 0.5 |
| 2011-12 | -2.3 |
| 2011-11 | -4.3 |
| 2011-10 | -3.0 |
| 2011-09 | -1.6 |
| 2011-08 | -1.5 |
| 2011-07 | -0.3 |
| 2011-06 | 0.5 |
| 2011-05 | 5.1 |
| 2011-04 | 2.4 |
| 2011-03 | 3.5 |
| 2011-02 | 3.3 |
| 2011-01 | -0.1 |
| 2010-12 | 0.0 |
| 2010-11 | -1.1 |
| 2010-10 | -0.9 |
| 2010-09 | -3.1 |
| 2010-08 | -3.8 |
| 2010-07 | -7.7 |
| 2010-06 | -5.4 |
| 2010-05 | -5.7 |
| 2010-04 | -7.8 |
| 2010-03 | -7.5 |
| 2010-02 | -9.0 |
| 2010-01 | -8.5 |
| 2009-12 | -10.1 |
| 2009-11 | -10.1 |
| 2009-10 | -9.4 |
| 2009-09 | -12.4 |
| 2009-08 | -14.4 |
| 2009-07 | -18.5 |
| 2009-06 | -15.4 |
| 2009-05 | -17.8 |
| 2009-04 | -17.7 |
| 2009-03 | -17.1 |
| 2009-02 | -13.1 |
| 2009-01 | -13.1 |
| 2008-12 | -13.8 |
| 2008-11 | -9.6 |
| 2008-10 | -2.7 |
| 2008-09 | 0.3 |
| 2008-08 | 1.5 |
| 2008-07 | 3.4 |
| 2008-06 | 3.2 |
| 2008-05 | 3.4 |
| 2008-04 | 3.9 |
| 2008-03 | 2.6 |
| 2008-02 | 2.1 |
| 2008-01 | 2.2 |
| 2007-12 | 3.0 |
| 2007-11 | 2.7 |
| 2007-10 | 1.3 |
| 2007-09 | 2.3 |
| 2007-08 | 3.2 |
| 2007-07 | 3.4 |
| 2007-06 | 2.1 |
| 2007-05 | 2.9 |
| 2007-04 | 2.2 |
| 2007-03 | 1.5 |
| 2007-02 | 1.1 |
| 2007-01 | 1.8 |
graphiqueExpected prices in services
- Source: INSEE.
tableauEconomic outlook in the services sector
| Average* | Sept. 2024 | Oct. 2024 | Nov. 2024 | Dec. 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite indicator | 100 | 99 | 101 | 98 | 96 |
| General outlook | -7 | -7 | -6 | -8 | -9 |
| Past activity | 2 | -2 | 0 | -1 | 2 |
| Expected activity | 2 | -2 | 4 | -1 | -3 |
| Expected demand | 0 | 1 | 2 | -1 | -7 |
| Past selling prices | -3 | 0 | 0 | -4 | 0 |
| Expected selling prices | -2 | 3 | 7 | -1 | 4 |
| Past employment | 2 | -4 | -9 | -3 | -7 |
| Past employment except temporary work agencies | 0 | -2 | -8 | -3 | -3 |
| Expected employment | 2 | -2 | -5 | -4 | -6 |
| Expected employment except temporary work agencies | 0 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -4 |
| Economic uncertainty felt** | 12 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 11 |
- * Average since 1989 for the composite indicator and since 1988 for the balances of opinion, except general outlook (June 2000) and uncertainty (April 2021).
- ** Balance of opinion not seasonally adjusted.
- Source: INSEE, monthly business survey in services.
The business climate remains deteriorated in all sub-sectors, except for accommodation and food services and for real estate activity
In information-communication, the business climate has deteriorated again. It stands clearly below its average level and has reached its lowest level since July 2015, excluding the pandemic period. It is mainly due to the sharp decrease of the balance of opinion on the expected demand. The balances on the expected activity and on the past workforce size have also decreased, moving away from their average.
In road freight transport, the business climate indicator has slightly improved but remains well below its long-term average. In particular, the balance on the expected workforce size has sharply increased and has moved back above its average. Those on the general business outlook and on the past workforce size have risen but remain deteriorated.
In administrative and support services, the business climate is virtually stable, below its long-term average. The sharp decrease in the balance of opinion on the past workforce size is offset by the rise in the balances on the expected demand and on the past activity.
In professional, scientific and technical activities, the business climate has brightened but remains below its average level. The balances on the workforce size and those on the past and expected activity have improved.
In accommodation and food services, the business climate indicator has sharply deteriorated but remains above its long-term average. In particular, the forward-looking balances on the activity, the general business outlook and on the workforce size have sharply diminished.
Finally, in real estate activities, the business climate indicator has improved sharply again. This rise is mainly due to the increase in the balances on activity, both past and expected, and on the expected demand, all above their average, and the increase in the balance on the past workforce size, which has reached its own.
tableauBusiness climate composite indicator and balances of opinion by sub-sector in services
| Aggregated classification (NA 2008) at level A21 | Average* | Sept. 2024 | Oct. 2024 | Nov. 2024 | Dec. 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road transport (8%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 96 | 95 | 93 | 94 |
| General outlook | -18 | -22 | -30 | -28 | -24 |
| Past activity | -6 | -18 | -14 | -11 | -13 |
| Expected activity | -7 | -17 | -16 | -19 | -18 |
| Expected demand | -9 | -14 | -18 | -25 | -23 |
| Past employment | -5 | 1 | -4 | -13 | -10 |
| Expected employment | -7 | -11 | -11 | -11 | -4 |
| Accommodation and food service activities (8%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 97 | 99 | 105 | 101 |
| General outlook | -13 | -21 | -14 | -7 | -14 |
| Past activity | -7 | -22 | -18 | -11 | -12 |
| Expected activity | -7 | -15 | -3 | 3 | -6 |
| Expected demand | -9 | -7 | -9 | -4 | -3 |
| Past employment | -5 | -6 | -12 | 1 | -2 |
| Expected employment | -5 | -1 | -8 | 5 | -3 |
| Information and communication (29%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 94 |
| General outlook | 0 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -3 |
| Past activity | 8 | 15 | 10 | 7 | 10 |
| Expected activity | 9 | 9 | 19 | 2 | -2 |
| Expected demand | 10 | 19 | 21 | 8 | -11 |
| Past employment | 6 | 3 | -5 | -2 | -9 |
| Expected employment | 10 | 1 | 3 | -2 | 0 |
| Real estate activities (10%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 101 | 99 | 101 | 106 |
| General outlook | -4 | -2 | -4 | -6 | -3 |
| Past activity | 6 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 13 |
| Expected activity | 6 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 15 |
| Expected demand | 1 | 4 | -3 | 5 | 9 |
| Past employment | 2 | -2 | 1 | -8 | 2 |
| Expected employment | 3 | 1 | -1 | 8 | 2 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities (25%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 96 | 99 | 95 | 97 |
| General outlook | -8 | -9 | -5 | -9 | -10 |
| Past activity | -1 | -5 | 1 | -9 | -7 |
| Expected activity | -2 | -12 | -9 | -12 | -8 |
| Expected demand | -5 | -13 | -10 | -12 | -13 |
| Past employment | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| Expected employment | 1 | -2 | -1 | -2 | 1 |
| Administrative and support service activities (18%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 |
| General outlook | -3 | 1 | -2 | -5 | -7 |
| Past activity | 5 | -9 | -7 | -2 | 0 |
| Expected activity | 5 | -3 | 0 | 0 | -1 |
| Expected demand | 3 | -3 | -1 | -1 | 5 |
| Past employment | 7 | -7 | -17 | -8 | -21 |
| Expected employment | 6 | -7 | -16 | -13 | -15 |
- The figures in parentheses indicate the weights used to aggregate the sub-sector balances of opinion. The “other services” sub-sector is not displayed due to its low weight.
- *Composite indicator: average since 1989 (2006 for road transport); balances of opinion: average since 1988, except general outlook since June 2000 (2006 for road transport).
- Source: INSEE, monthly business survey in services.
Revision
The business climate indicator in services of November 2024 has been revised downwards by one point (after rounding), mainly due to the inclusion of late responses from businesses.
For further information
The composite indicators of business climate presented here are estimated independently of one another. Thus, that of the whole services cannot be deduced from the others. The same balances of opinion are included into their calculations, but they are not assigned the same weightings. Also, the indicators are scaled to have a long-run average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. The climate series do not have the same historical beginning, so their standardisation differs slightly. Discrepancies may therefore appear from time to time.
For the three-modality questions, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the weighted percentage of “increase” responses and the weighted percentage of “decrease” responses.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
The responses to this survey were collected between 27 November 2024 and 16 December 2024; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 23 January 2025 at 8:45 am.
Documentation
Changes to business tendency surveys – October 2021 (pdf,181 Ko)
Abbreviated methodology (in French) (pdf,193 Ko)
Pour en savoir plus
The composite indicators of business climate presented here are estimated independently of one another. Thus, that of the whole services cannot be deduced from the others. The same balances of opinion are included into their calculations, but they are not assigned the same weightings. Also, the indicators are scaled to have a long-run average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. The climate series do not have the same historical beginning, so their standardisation differs slightly. Discrepancies may therefore appear from time to time.
For the three-modality questions, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the weighted percentage of “increase” responses and the weighted percentage of “decrease” responses.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
The responses to this survey were collected between 27 November 2024 and 16 December 2024; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 23 January 2025 at 8:45 am.