Insee
Informations Rapides · 30 June 2023 · n° 172
Informations rapidesIn May 2023, agricultural producer prices fell sharply year on year (‑9.4% after ‑6.1 %)  Indices of agricultural prices - May 2023

In May 2023, year on year, agricultural producer prices went down sharply (‑9.4% after ‑6.1% in April 2023). There had not been such a sharp fall over twelve months since October 2009 (‑10.5%). However, overall, these prices were still 16.9% above their May 2021 level: animal, milk and egg prices were still higher than in May 2021, while cereal and oilseed prices fell back below their level of two years ago. Over one month too, excluding fresh fruits and vegetables, agricultural producer prices continued to fall (‑2.3% after ‑2.0%).

In May 2023, input purchase prices fell again over one month (‑1.3% after ‑1.5%) and declined year on year (‑1.8% after +0.7% in April and +3.2% in March). They remained 23.2% higher than in May 2021.

Informations rapides
No 172
Paru le :Paru le30/06/2023
Prochaine parution le : 29/08/2025 at 12:00 - July 2025

In May 2023, year on year, agricultural producer prices went down sharply (‑9.4% after ‑6.1% in April 2023). There had not been such a sharp fall over twelve months since October 2009 (‑10.5%). However, overall, these prices were still 16.9% above their May 2021 level: animal, milk and egg prices were still higher than in May 2021, while cereal and oilseed prices fell back below their level of two years ago. Over one month too, excluding fresh fruits and vegetables, agricultural producer prices continued to fall (‑2.3% after ‑2.0%).

In May 2023, input purchase prices fell again over one month (‑1.3% after ‑1.5%) and declined year on year (‑1.8% after +0.7% in April and +3.2% in March). They remained 23.2% higher than in May 2021.

Producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) and purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP)

Producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) and purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP)
IPPIAP IPPAP
2023-05 133.7 136.2
2023-04 135.5 139.6
2023-03 137.5 143.1
2023-02 138.6 145.7
2023-01 140.1 144.1
2022-12 139.6 141.9
2022-11 141.3 145.4
2022-10 142.0 146.8
2022-09 139.5 145.7
2022-08 138.9 145.0
2022-07 138.2 144.8
2022-06 138.6 146.3
2022-05 136.1 150.4
2022-04 134.6 148.6
2022-03 133.2 144.2
2022-02 124.9 130.0
2022-01 123.1 129.4
2021-12 120.5 127.9
2021-11 119.5 127.4
2021-10 117.5 125.4
2021-09 113.2 121.6
2021-08 111.6 118.8
2021-07 110.9 116.4
2021-06 109.6 116.4
2021-05 108.5 116.5
2021-04 107.9 113.3
2021-03 107.6 112.9
2021-02 106.4 112.7
2021-01 104.5 110.9
2020-12 103.1 108.5
2020-11 102.6 109.8
2020-10 102.1 109.5
2020-09 101.5 106.9
2020-08 101.8 107.7
2020-07 101.8 107.5
2020-06 101.8 108.0
2020-05 101.7 108.6
2020-04 101.7 110.0
2020-03 102.3 109.3
2020-02 103.4 108.3
2020-01 103.6 109.7
2019-12 103.5 109.2
2019-11 103.3 108.7
2019-10 103.6 107.6
2019-09 103.7 107.1
2019-08 103.3 106.9
2019-07 103.7 109.1
2019-06 103.8 109.0
2019-05 104.4 108.0
2019-04 104.6 107.8
2019-03 104.4 107.0
2019-02 104.1 108.0
2019-01 103.6 109.4
2018-12 103.8 109.5
2018-11 104.5 109.3
2018-10 104.6 108.4
2018-09 103.6 109.0
2018-08 102.7 107.6
2018-07 102.2 105.6
2018-06 101.9 104.5
2018-05 102.0 104.0
2018-04 101.1 103.5
2018-03 100.4 104.3
2018-02 100.1 103.7
2018-01 100.1 103.4
2017-12 99.3 104.4
2017-11 99.2 104.3
2017-10 98.9 103.8
2017-09 98.4 102.5
2017-08 98.0 103.3
2017-07 97.9 103.0
2017-06 98.1 103.6
2017-05 98.7 104.3
2017-04 99.1 103.9
2017-03 98.9 103.7
2017-02 99.0 104.9
2017-01 98.6 104.6
2016-12 98.3 103.8
2016-11 97.2 103.0
2016-10 97.4 102.3
2016-09 97.0 100.6
2016-08 96.9 101.0
2016-07 97.3 102.1
2016-06 97.8 100.6
2016-05 97.9 98.7
2016-04 97.4 97.6
2016-03 97.6 98.0
2016-02 97.5 97.0
2016-01 97.8 97.2
2015-12 98.3 99.0
2015-11 99.3 100.6
2015-10 99.5 101.8
2015-09 99.6 101.6
2015-08 99.7 100.5
2015-07 100.2 101.2
2015-06 100.6 100.2
2015-05 101.3 98.9
2015-04 101.1 99.3
2015-03 100.7 99.1
2015-02 100.5 98.9
2015-01 99.1 99.5
2014-12 99.5 101.2
2014-11 100.4 100.5
2014-10 101.0 98.9
2014-09 101.6 99.5
2014-08 102.1 101.9
2014-07 102.5 102.6
2014-06 103.1 103.9
2014-05 103.3 105.4
2014-04 103.3 106.7
2014-03 103.1 106.7
2014-02 103.0 105.8
2014-01 102.9 106.2

Producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) and purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP)

  • Sources: INSEE, SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Cereal prices fell very sharply over a month and year on year

In May 2023, cereal prices fell markedly again over one month (‑10.0% after ‑7.0% in April). Soft wheat prices continued to drop (‑9.8% after ‑6.7%), due in particular to favourable growing conditions in Russia and in the European Union and to the extension of the agreement authorising exports from Ukraine and Russia via the Black Sea. Maize prices also fell sharply again (‑12.5% after ‑6.2%), mainly due to good growing conditions in the United States and Brazil. Year on year, cereal prices dropped (‑43.2% in May after ‑34.8%), mainly due to a “base effect” (they had risen sharply throughout 2021 and in the spring of 2022). They even fell back slightly below their level of two years earlier (‑1.1% compared with May 2021).

Oil seed prices also continued to fall in May 2023, but at a slower pace than in April (‑5.1% over one month after ‑7.8%). They were driven down by sunflower prices (‑7.3% after ‑3.8%), by rapeseed prices (‑4.7% after ‑8.4%) due in particular to good production prospects in Europe, and by soybean prices (‑2.2% after ‑11.1%). Year on year, oil seed prices fell by 49.6% in May 2023 (after ‑54.5% in April). They were 20.9% lower than in May 2021.

Producer prices of cereals and oil seed

Producer prices of cereals and oil seed
Oil seed Cereals
2023-05 111.8 131.1
2023-04 117.8 145.7
2023-03 127.7 156.7
2023-02 146.6 169.5
2023-01 148.3 171.2
2022-12 152.6 178.9
2022-11 165.4 190.0
2022-10 169.1 200.6
2022-09 160.0 200.5
2022-08 169.1 195.2
2022-07 174.7 197.5
2022-06 197.3 216.9
2022-05 221.8 230.9
2022-04 259.1 223.3
2022-03 239.1 217.2
2022-02 187.7 158.6
2022-01 187.1 161.9
2021-12 179.3 163.9
2021-11 180.0 168.7
2021-10 174.2 158.9
2021-09 157.1 146.1
2021-08 147.4 139.5
2021-07 140.5 123.7
2021-06 137.7 125.8
2021-05 141.3 132.5
2021-04 131.9 127.3
2021-03 140.0 128.8
2021-02 128.3 131.0
2021-01 122.1 129.2
2020-12 114.7 119.0
2020-11 113.8 120.0
2020-10 105.5 114.7
2020-09 102.7 107.7
2020-08 99.2 104.3
2020-07 97.8 105.5
2020-06 95.1 102.5
2020-05 96.3 105.4
2020-04 95.3 106.5
2020-03 95.5 103.1
2020-02 101.7 105.3
2020-01 105.8 106.5
2019-12 104.4 102.4
2019-11 101.5 100.8
2019-10 100.0 99.8
2019-09 99.7 95.0
2019-08 97.1 96.5
2019-07 95.1 99.4
2019-06 94.1 101.8
2019-05 93.4 101.1
2019-04 93.6 103.7
2019-03 92.6 103.5
2019-02 94.0 107.8
2019-01 95.1 114.4
2018-12 95.0 115.1
2018-11 95.1 113.9
2018-10 94.9 113.8
2018-09 93.4 114.4
2018-08 95.7 120.0
2018-07 91.9 108.6
2018-06 89.6 100.9
2018-05 90.7 97.7
2018-04 88.9 94.4
2018-03 89.5 94.1
2018-02 88.9 91.9
2018-01 89.3 90.6
2017-12 92.8 91.0
2017-11 96.0 92.1
2017-10 93.6 92.3
2017-09 94.0 92.3
2017-08 94.9 NaN
2017-07 95.3 NaN
2017-06 94.1 NaN
2017-05 96.6 NaN
2017-04 103.5 NaN
2017-03 106.9 NaN
2017-02 110.1 NaN
2017-01 109.4 NaN
2016-12 108.5 NaN
2016-11 104.0 NaN
2016-10 102.3 NaN
2016-09 99.6 NaN
2016-08 97.0 NaN
2016-07 94.9 NaN
2016-06 98.9 NaN
2016-05 96.9 NaN
2016-04 95.9 NaN
2016-03 92.4 NaN
2016-02 93.2 NaN
2016-01 96.1 NaN
2015-12 100.9 NaN
2015-11 102.4 NaN
2015-10 101.0 NaN
2015-09 97.7 NaN
2015-08 99.0 NaN
2015-07 103.2 NaN
2015-06 104.5 NaN
2015-05 101.0 NaN
2015-04 100.9 NaN
2015-03 99.2 NaN
2015-02 95.9 NaN
2015-01 94.2 NaN
2014-12 92.0 NaN
2014-11 89.7 NaN
2014-10 85.6 NaN
2014-09 83.7 NaN
2014-08 85.6 NaN
2014-07 87.3 NaN
2014-06 94.2 NaN
2014-05 99.2 NaN
2014-04 104.9 NaN
2014-03 107.3 NaN
2014-02 101.5 NaN
2014-01 96.1 NaN

Producer prices of cereals and oil seed

  • Source: INSEE

Year on year, fresh vegetable and fruit prices continued to rise

Fresh vegetable prices continued to rise year on year, but at a slower pace (+6.6% in May after +10.8% in April and +41.3% in March). Among the main seasonal products, prices of cucumbers (‑24.7% after ‑20.4%) and tomatoes (‑15.9% after ‑5.7%) fell substantially. Conversely, prices continued to soar for endives (+72.5% after +42.5%) and they rebounded for asparagus (+35.3% after ‑1.4%) and salads (+4.8% after ‑5.1%). In May 2023, fresh vegetable prices were still up compared to May 2021 (+11.7%).

Year on year, fresh fruit prices accelerated markedly (+19.2% in May 2023 after +5.9% in April 2023), driven in particular by strawberry (+27.7% after +2.9%), apple (+12.4% after +11.0%) and cherry (+10.3%) prices. Fresh fruit prices were nevertheless lower than in May 2021 (‑5.6%).

Producer prices of fresh fruit and vegetables

Producer prices of fresh fruit and vegetables
Fresh vegetables Fresh fruit
2023-05 128.5 135.0
2023-04 161.3 137.3
2023-03 193.0 140.2
2023-02 190.3 139.6
2023-01 166.5 134.8
2022-12 151.9 134.5
2022-11 141.0 129.0
2022-10 157.7 126.4
2022-09 161.3 127.8
2022-08 133.8 143.7
2022-07 124.4 140.2
2022-06 119.1 131.3
2022-05 120.6 113.3
2022-04 145.6 129.7
2022-03 136.6 134.3
2022-02 121.0 130.0
2022-01 118.5 130.1
2021-12 120.2 133.7
2021-11 120.8 130.6
2021-10 117.1 138.6
2021-09 114.6 149.9
2021-08 127.9 156.2
2021-07 119.3 151.1
2021-06 114.9 146.6
2021-05 115.0 143.0
2021-04 143.1 137.5
2021-03 148.2 136.7
2021-02 137.4 133.2
2021-01 135.7 130.0
2020-12 113.6 126.4
2020-11 133.4 122.9
2020-10 128.4 122.8
2020-09 117.7 119.5
2020-08 118.8 122.4
2020-07 106.4 122.3
2020-06 117.8 128.2
2020-05 118.9 125.8
2020-04 176.3 122.0
2020-03 147.6 115.6
2020-02 118.2 116.2
2020-01 136.7 115.4
2019-12 131.2 112.2
2019-11 132.2 109.4
2019-10 103.9 108.8
2019-09 113.8 109.0
2019-08 108.1 112.3
2019-07 117.6 109.5
2019-06 124.2 105.3
2019-05 99.8 109.4
2019-04 117.7 109.3
2019-03 121.9 113.5
2019-02 132.7 114.1
2019-01 147.5 114.7
2018-12 138.0 111.8
2018-11 132.5 112.8
2018-10 112.8 112.4
2018-09 119.9 118.0
2018-08 103.6 121.0
2018-07 97.4 116.6
2018-06 102.4 114.1
2018-05 103.5 117.2
2018-04 109.5 124.4
2018-03 117.6 125.0
2018-02 102.8 123.5
2018-01 101.6 119.9
2017-12 97.6 115.6
2017-11 98.4 112.1
2017-10 97.9 111.2
2017-09 100.9 107.7
2017-08 94.1 NaN
2017-07 85.8 NaN
2017-06 102.8 NaN
2017-05 97.9 NaN
2017-04 111.2 NaN
2017-03 107.4 NaN
2017-02 133.5 NaN
2017-01 132.4 NaN
2016-12 113.3 NaN
2016-11 119.0 NaN
2016-10 110.1 NaN
2016-09 97.2 NaN
2016-08 101.6 NaN
2016-07 116.7 NaN
2016-06 102.3 NaN
2016-05 101.0 NaN
2016-04 114.9 NaN
2016-03 128.4 NaN
2016-02 94.2 NaN
2016-01 96.3 NaN

Producer prices of fresh fruit and vegetables

  • Source: SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Animal prices fell over one month but remained up significantly year on year

In May 2023, animal prices fell again over one month (‑2.0% after ‑0.8%). Poultry (‑1.0% after ‑0.1%), large cattle (‑1.7% after ‑0.7%) and pig (‑5.0% after ‑2.3%) prices –which rose significantly in 2022– were down.

Year on year, animal prices slowed down but continued to rise markedly (+9.7% in May 2023 after +15.4% in April) driven by a substantial rise of pig (+26.3% after +35.2%), poultry (+12.4% after +18.7%) and, to a lesser extent, large cattle (+2.7% after +7.8%) prices. In May 2023, animal prices were 33.9% higher than in May 2021.

Producer prices of pigs and large cattle

Producer prices of pigs and large cattle
Large cattle Pigs
2023-05 139.6 165.2
2023-04 142.0 173.9
2023-03 143.0 178.0
2023-02 142.5 170.6
2023-01 143.7 156.3
2022-12 143.3 148.4
2022-11 143.9 148.0
2022-10 143.2 155.8
2022-09 140.4 149.4
2022-08 138.5 144.9
2022-07 138.0 138.8
2022-06 137.4 129.4
2022-05 135.9 130.8
2022-04 131.7 128.6
2022-03 127.0 114.4
2022-02 120.6 107.5
2022-01 115.0 106.8
2021-12 111.6 103.2
2021-11 110.5 99.4
2021-10 107.7 99.9
2021-09 105.6 102.5
2021-08 103.9 105.9
2021-07 102.2 109.4
2021-06 101.5 118.3
2021-05 100.6 119.4
2021-04 100.2 109.0
2021-03 99.3 105.1
2021-02 98.0 103.8
2021-01 97.6 103.3
2020-12 97.4 102.4
2020-11 97.7 107.1
2020-10 97.8 110.4
2020-09 97.4 106.2
2020-08 97.6 103.8
2020-07 97.8 103.6
2020-06 97.6 103.7
2020-05 95.8 108.8
2020-04 94.3 116.7
2020-03 95.8 123.9
2020-02 96.3 124.6
2020-01 96.5 129.2
2019-12 96.9 136.4
2019-11 96.7 133.2
2019-10 96.4 131.8
2019-09 97.2 125.8
2019-08 97.0 120.2
2019-07 97.2 118.9
2019-06 98.5 117.3
2019-05 98.8 115.4
2019-04 98.9 109.4
2019-03 98.7 101.6
2019-02 99.1 101.0
2019-01 98.5 101.7
2018-12 96.5 100.9
2018-11 96.3 99.3
2018-10 98.5 96.9
2018-09 99.7 95.5
2018-08 99.8 92.9
2018-07 100.1 92.5
2018-06 98.9 93.5
2018-05 98.8 95.3
2018-04 97.8 96.7
2018-03 97.9 100.4
2018-02 96.5 100.0
2018-01 96.8 98.7
2017-12 99.9 103.0
2017-11 100.4 102.3
2017-10 100.7 99.9
2017-09 99.6 99.4
2017-08 97.9 105.1
2017-07 97.6 108.7
2017-06 98.9 111.7
2017-05 98.7 117.5
2017-04 98.5 119.3
2017-03 97.3 116.5
2017-02 97.2 117.2
2017-01 96.7 115.9
2016-12 96.6 113.9
2016-11 94.8 111.1
2016-10 93.0 111.9
2016-09 91.9 110.5
2016-08 92.6 106.3
2016-07 93.3 106.2
2016-06 93.8 102.5
2016-05 94.1 96.6
2016-04 95.3 90.2
2016-03 96.6 92.9
2016-02 96.8 96.1
2016-01 97.6 97.0
2015-12 98.4 94.7
2015-11 100.1 99.2
2015-10 101.7 102.8
2015-09 102.3 101.9
2015-08 102.3 103.2
2015-07 102.1 100.0
2015-06 100.3 99.7
2015-05 99.1 100.4
2015-04 98.6 99.8
2015-03 98.5 101.3
2015-02 98.1 98.3
2015-01 98.3 98.0
2014-12 98.1 98.7
2014-11 96.9 99.8
2014-10 98.4 96.6
2014-09 99.9 97.9
2014-08 100.2 106.0
2014-07 100.5 111.0
2014-06 101.4 113.6
2014-05 103.1 118.8
2014-04 103.8 119.1
2014-03 103.8 107.2
2014-02 104.4 109.2
2014-01 104.6 116.8

Producer prices of pigs and large cattle

  • Source: INSEE

Egg and milk prices rose year on year

In May 2023, the price of eggs slowed down over one month (+2.2% after +9.2%). It remained up very sharply year on year (+28.0% after +32.0% in April), given the persistent reduced supply, particularly as a result of the consequences of avian flu. Egg prices have more than doubled compared to May 2021 (+145.4%).

The price of cow milk fell again over one month (‑1.8% in May after ‑2.9%) and slowed down year on year (+4.9% after +9.8%). It remained much higher than in May 2021 (+27.9%).

Index of producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP)

Seasonnaly adjusted - base and reference 100 in 2015
Index of producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) (Seasonnaly adjusted - base and reference 100 in 2015)
Variation as % over
Weights (2) May 2023 a month 3 months a year
Agricultural goods output 1000 136.2 /// /// -9.4
excluding fruits and vegetables 906 136.6 -2.3 -6.1 -11.0
Crop output (excluding fruits and vegetables) 489 126.8 -3.1 -9.9 -24.8
Cereals 152 131.1 -10.0 -22.7 -43.2
of which soft wheat* 90 128.7 -9.8 -23.3 -45.7
grain maize* 27 141.9 -12.5 -25.0 -37.9
Potatoes* 29 275.4 /// /// 29.9
Wines 200 110.3 0.1 -2.4 -10.7
PDO wines* 112 112.1 0.3 -3.4 -17.7
other wines 25 97.2 -1.1 -4.3 -13.8
Oleaginous* 40 111.8 -5.1 -23.7 -49.6
Horticultural products 35 109.7 -1.6 -4.9 3.9
Other crop products* 33 108.0 -2.0 -5.7 -7.8
Fruit and vegetables* (1) 94 132.7 /// /// 9.6
Fresh vegetables* 45 128.5 /// /// 6.6
Fresh fruit* 32 135.0 /// /// 19.2
Animal output 417 148.0 -1.6 -1.9 9.3
Animals 255 142.2 -2.0 -1.5 9.7
of which large cattle 112 139.6 -1.7 -2.0 2.7
calves 20 125.3 1.2 4.9 7.6
pigs 49 165.2 -5.0 -3.2 26.3
sheep 14 130.0 -0.5 0.5 3.0
poultry 57 136.7 -1.0 -1.1 12.4
of which chicken* 39 133.6 -1.1 -1.3 11.1
Milk 146 143.5 -1.7 -4.7 5.1
of which cow milk 135 145.4 -1.8 -5.1 4.9
Eggs 16 280.3 2.2 8.6 28.0
  • /// Not relevant due to the seasonal nature of the products
  • (1) Including vegetables for industry.
  • (2) Average weight year on year.
  • *: Not seasonnaly adjusted data (all series where seasonality has been detected are seasonally adjusted)
  • Sources : INSEE, SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Input purchase prices fell over one month and year on year

In May 2023, the purchase prices of intermediate consumption continued to fall over one month (‑1.8% after ‑1.9% in April 2023). Prices of energy (‑5.4% after ‑4.1%), fertilizers and soil improvers (‑3.2% after ‑6.6%) and animal food (‑1.6% after ‑1.4%) went down. Those of seeds (‑0.1% after +0.4%) were almost stable, while those of other goods and services (0.0% after +0.2%) and plant protection products (0.0% after +1.1%) were stable. Prices for the maintenance of materials rose very slightly (+0.2% after +0.6%). Year on year, the purchase prices of intermediate consumption fell in May 2023 (‑3.8% after ‑0.8%). However, they were 25.2% higher than in May 2021.

In May 2023, the prices of investment goods and services rose by 0.2% over one month (after +0.4%), by 5.6% year on year (after +6.0%) and by 17.4% over two years.

Indices of purchase prices of inputs of agricultural production (IPPIAP)

Raw data - base and reference 100 in 2015
Indices of purchase prices of inputs of agricultural production (IPPIAP) (Raw data - base and reference 100 in 2015)
Variation as % over
Weights May 2023 a month 3 months a year
Total input 1000 133.7 -1.3 -3.5 -1.8
Intermediate consumptions 760 134.0 -1.8 -4.8 -3.8
Energy (1) 93 147.9 -5.4 -9.8 -12.0
Seeds 56 109.7 -0.1 1.0 10.0
Fertilisers and soil improvers 107 156.7 -3.2 -15.8 -24.8
Plant protection products 84 105.1 0.0 2.5 10.7
Animal feed 214 144.2 -1.6 -3.4 1.3
Veterinary expenses 37 125.2 0.2 1.0 5.5
Small equipment and tools 11 135.3 -0.1 -0.1 5.6
Maintenance of materials 88 130.3 0.2 1.3 8.8
Maintenance of buildings 9 122.9 0.0 0.4 4.1
Other goods and services 61 111.3 0.0 0.3 3.5
Goods and services contributing to investment 240 133.0 0.2 1.2 5.6
Material 168 130.6 0.3 1.2 10.5
Tractors 71 132.4 0.2 0.4 9.9
Machinery and equipment for cultivation 33 127.9 0.8 2.3 9.0
Machinery and equipment for harvesting 38 131.4 0.1 1.8 13.7
Utility vehicles 16 122.9 -0.2 0.6 10.5
Buildings 72 138.6 0.0 1.4 -3.9
  • (1) The repayment of the domestic tax on energy product (TICPE) benefiting farmers has been applied in advance for the year 2023.
  • Sources : INSEE, SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Revisions

The year-on-year percentage change of the index of producer prices for agricultural products in April 2023 has been revised upwards by 0.6 percentage points at ‑6.1%, compared to the previous release, due in particular to the annual inclusion of new campaign prices. The year-on-year percentage change of the index of the purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production in April 2023 has been revised upwards by 0.3 percentage points at +0.7%.

For further information

The index of producer prices for agricultural products (IPPAP) measures the change in product prices when the products are put on the market for the first time. It is published in base and reference 100 in 2015. The weight-coefficients of fresh fruit and vegetables change every month so that they reflect their seasonal pattern. Their variations should therefore be interpreted only year on year. If needed, indices are seasonally adjusted.

The index of the purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP) reflects the price evolution of goods and services used in the agricultural process. It is not seasonally adjusted.

Further informations (including IPPAP and IPPIAP methodologies) are available through the “Documentation” tab on the web page of this publication.

Next issue: 28 July 2023 at 12:00 p.m.

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