Insee
Informations Rapides · 28 April 2023 · n° 117
Informations rapidesIn March 2023, agricultural producer prices fell year on year (‑1.5% after +11.3 %)  Indices of agricultural prices - March 2023

In March 2023, year on year, agricultural producer prices went down (‑1.5% after +11.3% in February 2023). They had not fallen year on year since December 2020 (‑0.6%). However, prices have risen markedly over the past four years, standing 25.5% above their March 2021 level and 32.4% above their March 2019 level. Over one month, excluding fresh fruits and vegetables, agricultural producer prices also fell (‑1.9% after +0.6%).

The input purchase prices fell over one month (‑0.8% after ‑1.1%) and slowed down sharply year on year (+3.2% after +11.0%). They were 27.8% higher than in March 2021 and 31.7% higher than in March 2019.

Informations rapides
No 117
Paru le :Paru le28/04/2023
Prochaine parution le : 29/08/2025 at 12:00 - July 2025

In March 2023, year on year, agricultural producer prices went down (‑1.5% after +11.3% in February 2023). They had not fallen year on year since December 2020 (‑0.6%). However, prices have risen markedly over the past four years, standing 25.5% above their March 2021 level and 32.4% above their March 2019 level. Over one month, excluding fresh fruits and vegetables, agricultural producer prices also fell (‑1.9% after +0.6%).

The input purchase prices fell over one month (‑0.8% after ‑1.1%) and slowed down sharply year on year (+3.2% after +11.0%). They were 27.8% higher than in March 2021 and 31.7% higher than in March 2019.

Producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) and purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP)

Producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) and purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP)
IPPAP IPPIAP
2023-03 141.7 137.5
2023-02 144.5 138.6
2023-01 142.9 140.1
2022-12 141.3 139.5
2022-11 144.8 141.2
2022-10 146.2 142.0
2022-09 145.1 139.5
2022-08 144.8 138.8
2022-07 144.6 138.2
2022-06 146.0 138.6
2022-05 150.2 136.1
2022-04 148.4 134.6
2022-03 143.9 133.2
2022-02 129.8 124.9
2022-01 129.1 123.1
2021-12 127.9 120.5
2021-11 127.4 119.5
2021-10 125.4 117.5
2021-09 121.6 113.2
2021-08 118.8 111.6
2021-07 116.4 110.9
2021-06 116.4 109.6
2021-05 116.5 108.5
2021-04 113.3 107.9
2021-03 112.9 107.6
2021-02 112.7 106.4
2021-01 110.9 104.5
2020-12 108.5 103.1
2020-11 109.8 102.6
2020-10 109.5 102.1
2020-09 106.9 101.5
2020-08 107.7 101.8
2020-07 107.5 101.8
2020-06 108.0 101.8
2020-05 108.6 101.7
2020-04 110.0 101.7
2020-03 109.3 102.3
2020-02 108.3 103.4
2020-01 109.7 103.6
2019-12 109.2 103.5
2019-11 108.7 103.3
2019-10 107.6 103.6
2019-09 107.1 103.7
2019-08 106.9 103.3
2019-07 109.1 103.7
2019-06 109.0 103.8
2019-05 108.0 104.4
2019-04 107.8 104.6
2019-03 107.0 104.4
2019-02 108.0 104.1
2019-01 109.4 103.6
2018-12 109.5 103.8
2018-11 109.3 104.5
2018-10 108.4 104.6
2018-09 109.0 103.6
2018-08 107.6 102.7
2018-07 105.6 102.2
2018-06 104.5 101.9
2018-05 104.0 102.0
2018-04 103.5 101.1
2018-03 104.3 100.4
2018-02 103.7 100.1
2018-01 103.4 100.1
2017-12 104.4 99.3
2017-11 104.3 99.2
2017-10 103.8 98.9
2017-09 102.5 98.4
2017-08 103.3 98.0
2017-07 103.0 97.9
2017-06 103.6 98.1
2017-05 104.3 98.7
2017-04 103.9 99.1
2017-03 103.7 98.9
2017-02 104.9 99.0
2017-01 104.6 98.6
2016-12 103.8 98.3
2016-11 103.0 97.2
2016-10 102.3 97.4
2016-09 100.6 97.0
2016-08 101.0 96.9
2016-07 102.1 97.3
2016-06 100.6 97.8
2016-05 98.7 97.9
2016-04 97.6 97.4
2016-03 98.0 97.6
2016-02 97.0 97.5
2016-01 97.2 97.8
2015-12 99.0 98.3
2015-11 100.6 99.3
2015-10 101.8 99.5
2015-09 101.6 99.6
2015-08 100.5 99.7
2015-07 101.2 100.2
2015-06 100.2 100.6
2015-05 98.9 101.3
2015-04 99.3 101.1
2015-03 99.1 100.7
2015-02 98.9 100.5
2015-01 99.5 99.1
2014-12 101.2 99.5
2014-11 100.5 100.4
2014-10 98.9 101.0
2014-09 99.5 101.6
2014-08 101.9 102.1
2014-07 102.6 102.5
2014-06 103.9 103.1
2014-05 105.4 103.3
2014-04 106.7 103.3
2014-03 106.7 103.1
2014-02 105.8 103.0
2014-01 106.2 102.9

Producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) and purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP)

  • Sources: INSEE, SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Cereal prices fell sharply over a month and year on year

In March 2023, cereal prices fell sharply over one month (‑7.6% after ‑1.0% in February). Soft wheat prices (‑8.9% after ‑2.1%) continued to drop, due in particular to Russian and Ukrainian production, more favourable weather conditions and an upwardly revised world harvest forecast. Maize prices fell sharply (‑8.6% after +3.0%), due in particular to an upward revision of world stock estimates. Year on year, cereal prices fell sharply (‑27.9% after +6.9%), due in particular to a base effect (they had risen sharply in March 2022 with the outbreak of war in Ukraine). However, they have risen sharply compared to March 2021 (+21.7%) and March 2019 (+51.4%).

The fall of oil seed prices continued in March 2023, but at a much faster pace than in February (‑12.9% over one month after ‑1.1%). They were driven down by sunflower prices (‑15.0% after ‑0.5%), by rapeseed prices (‑13.0% after ‑1.5%) due in particular to an abundant harvest in Australia and Canada, and by soybean prices (‑4.7% after +1.3%). Year on year, oil seed prices fell by 46.6% (after ‑21.9%). They were 8.8% below their March 2021 level and 37.9% above their March 2019 level.

Producer prices of cereals and oil seed

Producer prices of cereals and oil seed
Oil seed Cereals
2023-03 127.7 156.7
2023-02 146.6 169.5
2023-01 148.3 171.2
2022-12 152.6 178.9
2022-11 165.4 190.0
2022-10 169.1 200.6
2022-09 160.0 200.5
2022-08 169.1 195.2
2022-07 174.7 197.5
2022-06 197.3 216.9
2022-05 221.8 230.9
2022-04 259.1 223.3
2022-03 239.1 217.2
2022-02 187.7 158.6
2022-01 187.1 161.9
2021-12 179.3 163.9
2021-11 180.0 168.7
2021-10 174.2 158.9
2021-09 157.1 146.1
2021-08 147.4 139.5
2021-07 140.5 123.7
2021-06 137.7 125.8
2021-05 141.3 132.5
2021-04 131.9 127.3
2021-03 140.0 128.8
2021-02 128.3 131.0
2021-01 122.1 129.2
2020-12 114.7 119.0
2020-11 113.8 120.0
2020-10 105.5 114.7
2020-09 102.7 107.7
2020-08 99.2 104.3
2020-07 97.8 105.5
2020-06 95.1 102.5
2020-05 96.3 105.4
2020-04 95.3 106.5
2020-03 95.5 103.1
2020-02 101.7 105.3
2020-01 105.8 106.5
2019-12 104.4 102.4
2019-11 101.5 100.8
2019-10 100.0 99.8
2019-09 99.7 95.0
2019-08 97.1 96.5
2019-07 95.1 99.4
2019-06 94.1 101.8
2019-05 93.4 101.1
2019-04 93.6 103.7
2019-03 92.6 103.5
2019-02 94.0 107.8
2019-01 95.1 114.4
2018-12 95.0 115.1
2018-11 95.1 113.9
2018-10 94.9 113.8
2018-09 93.4 114.4
2018-08 95.7 120.0
2018-07 91.9 108.6
2018-06 89.6 100.9
2018-05 90.7 97.7
2018-04 88.9 94.4
2018-03 89.5 94.1
2018-02 88.9 91.9
2018-01 89.3 90.6
2017-12 92.8 91.0
2017-11 96.0 92.1
2017-10 93.6 92.3
2017-09 94.0 92.3
2017-08 94.9 NaN
2017-07 95.3 NaN
2017-06 94.1 NaN
2017-05 96.6 NaN
2017-04 103.5 NaN
2017-03 106.9 NaN
2017-02 110.1 NaN
2017-01 109.4 NaN
2016-12 108.5 NaN
2016-11 104.0 NaN
2016-10 102.3 NaN
2016-09 99.6 NaN
2016-08 97.0 NaN
2016-07 94.9 NaN
2016-06 98.9 NaN
2016-05 96.9 NaN
2016-04 95.9 NaN
2016-03 92.4 NaN
2016-02 93.2 NaN
2016-01 96.1 NaN
2015-12 100.9 NaN
2015-11 102.4 NaN
2015-10 101.0 NaN
2015-09 97.7 NaN
2015-08 99.0 NaN
2015-07 103.2 NaN
2015-06 104.5 NaN
2015-05 101.0 NaN
2015-04 100.9 NaN
2015-03 99.2 NaN
2015-02 95.9 NaN
2015-01 94.2 NaN
2014-12 92.0 NaN
2014-11 89.7 NaN
2014-10 85.6 NaN
2014-09 83.7 NaN
2014-08 85.6 NaN
2014-07 87.3 NaN
2014-06 94.2 NaN
2014-05 99.2 NaN
2014-04 104.9 NaN
2014-03 107.3 NaN
2014-02 101.5 NaN
2014-01 96.1 NaN

Producer prices of cereals and oil seed

  • Source: INSEE

Year on year, fresh vegetable and fruit prices continued to rise

Fresh vegetable prices rose again very sharply year on year (+34.0% in March after +53.4% in February and +37.0% in January). With the exception of tomato prices (‑10.5% after +13.3%), all prices of the main seasonal products remained on a sharp upward trend. These rises were notably due to a reduction in the production of winter vegetables, as a result of the drought of 2022 on planted areas and the cold of February 2023 on yields. Prices went up very sharply for leeks (+182.0% after +98.6%), cauliflowers (+81.9% after +192.3%), endives (+76.8% after +77.8%) and salads (+35.2% after +42.3%). In March 2023, fresh vegetable prices were 23.5% higher than in March 2021 and 50.1% higher than in March 2019.

Year on year, fresh fruit prices slowed down (+4.4% in March 2023 after +7.4% in February 2023), notably due to the deceleration of apple prices (+10.9% after +12.8%). Kiwi prices fell (‑9.6% after ‑7.9%) as did those of strawberries (‑15.2%). Fresh fruit prices stood 2.6% higher than in March 2021 and 23.5% higher than in March 2019.

Producer prices of fresh fruit and vegetables

Producer prices of fresh fruit and vegetables
Fresh vegetables Fresh fruit
2023-03 183.0 140.2
2023-02 185.6 139.6
2023-01 162.4 134.8
2022-12 147.9 134.5
2022-11 138.0 129.0
2022-10 157.3 126.4
2022-09 160.5 127.8
2022-08 133.8 143.7
2022-07 124.4 140.2
2022-06 119.1 131.3
2022-05 120.6 113.3
2022-04 145.6 129.7
2022-03 136.6 134.3
2022-02 121.0 130.0
2022-01 118.5 130.1
2021-12 120.2 133.7
2021-11 120.8 130.6
2021-10 117.1 138.6
2021-09 114.6 149.9
2021-08 127.9 156.2
2021-07 119.3 151.1
2021-06 114.9 146.6
2021-05 115.0 143.0
2021-04 143.1 137.5
2021-03 148.2 136.7
2021-02 137.4 133.2
2021-01 135.7 130.0
2020-12 113.6 126.4
2020-11 133.4 122.9
2020-10 128.4 122.8
2020-09 117.7 119.5
2020-08 118.8 122.4
2020-07 106.4 122.3
2020-06 117.8 128.2
2020-05 118.9 125.8
2020-04 176.3 122.0
2020-03 147.6 115.6
2020-02 118.2 116.2
2020-01 136.7 115.4
2019-12 131.2 112.2
2019-11 132.2 109.4
2019-10 103.9 108.8
2019-09 113.8 109.0
2019-08 108.1 112.3
2019-07 117.6 109.5
2019-06 124.2 105.3
2019-05 99.8 109.4
2019-04 117.7 109.3
2019-03 121.9 113.5
2019-02 132.7 114.1
2019-01 147.5 114.7
2018-12 138.0 111.8
2018-11 132.5 112.8
2018-10 112.8 112.4
2018-09 119.9 118.0
2018-08 103.6 121.0
2018-07 97.4 116.6
2018-06 102.4 114.1
2018-05 103.5 117.2
2018-04 109.5 124.4
2018-03 117.6 125.0
2018-02 102.8 123.5
2018-01 101.6 119.9
2017-12 97.6 115.6
2017-11 98.4 112.1
2017-10 97.9 111.2
2017-09 100.9 107.7
2017-08 94.1 NaN
2017-07 85.8 NaN
2017-06 102.8 NaN
2017-05 97.9 NaN
2017-04 111.2 NaN
2017-03 107.4 NaN
2017-02 133.5 NaN
2017-01 132.4 NaN
2016-12 113.3 NaN
2016-11 119.0 NaN
2016-10 110.1 NaN
2016-09 97.2 NaN
2016-08 101.6 NaN
2016-07 116.7 NaN
2016-06 102.3 NaN
2016-05 101.0 NaN
2016-04 114.9 NaN
2016-03 128.4 NaN
2016-02 94.2 NaN
2016-01 96.3 NaN

Producer prices of fresh fruit and vegetables

  • Source: SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Animal prices rose over one month and remained up strongly year on year

In March 2023, animal prices continued to go up over one month (+1.2% after +1.7%). In particular, pig prices rose sharply (+4.3% after +9.1%) owing to a significant drop in supply, while large cattle prices went up more moderately (+0.4% after ‑0.8%). Poultry prices were almost stable (+0.1% after +0.2%).

Year on year, animal prices continued to rise strongly in March 2023 (+22.1% after +25.5% in February), due to the strong rise of pig (+55.6% after +58.7%), poultry (+22.1% after +23.7%) and large cattle (+12.6% after +18.2%) prices. In March 2023, animal prices were 43.6% higher than in March 2021 and 46.8% higher than in March 2019.

Producer prices of pigs and large cattle

Producer prices of pigs and large cattle
Large cattle Pigs
2023-03 143.0 178.0
2023-02 142.5 170.6
2023-01 143.7 156.3
2022-12 143.3 148.4
2022-11 143.9 148.0
2022-10 143.2 155.8
2022-09 140.4 149.4
2022-08 138.5 144.9
2022-07 138.0 138.8
2022-06 137.4 129.4
2022-05 135.9 130.8
2022-04 131.7 128.6
2022-03 127.0 114.4
2022-02 120.6 107.5
2022-01 115.0 106.8
2021-12 111.6 103.2
2021-11 110.5 99.4
2021-10 107.7 99.9
2021-09 105.6 102.5
2021-08 103.9 105.9
2021-07 102.2 109.4
2021-06 101.5 118.3
2021-05 100.6 119.4
2021-04 100.2 109.0
2021-03 99.3 105.1
2021-02 98.0 103.8
2021-01 97.6 103.3
2020-12 97.4 102.4
2020-11 97.7 107.1
2020-10 97.8 110.4
2020-09 97.4 106.2
2020-08 97.6 103.8
2020-07 97.8 103.6
2020-06 97.6 103.7
2020-05 95.8 108.8
2020-04 94.3 116.7
2020-03 95.8 123.9
2020-02 96.3 124.6
2020-01 96.5 129.2
2019-12 96.9 136.4
2019-11 96.7 133.2
2019-10 96.4 131.8
2019-09 97.2 125.8
2019-08 97.0 120.2
2019-07 97.2 118.9
2019-06 98.5 117.3
2019-05 98.8 115.4
2019-04 98.9 109.4
2019-03 98.7 101.6
2019-02 99.1 101.0
2019-01 98.5 101.7
2018-12 96.5 100.9
2018-11 96.3 99.3
2018-10 98.5 96.9
2018-09 99.7 95.5
2018-08 99.8 92.9
2018-07 100.1 92.5
2018-06 98.9 93.5
2018-05 98.8 95.3
2018-04 97.8 96.7
2018-03 97.9 100.4
2018-02 96.5 100.0
2018-01 96.8 98.7
2017-12 99.9 103.0
2017-11 100.4 102.3
2017-10 100.7 99.9
2017-09 99.6 99.4
2017-08 97.9 105.1
2017-07 97.6 108.7
2017-06 98.9 111.7
2017-05 98.7 117.5
2017-04 98.5 119.3
2017-03 97.3 116.5
2017-02 97.2 117.2
2017-01 96.7 115.9
2016-12 96.6 113.9
2016-11 94.8 111.1
2016-10 93.0 111.9
2016-09 91.9 110.5
2016-08 92.6 106.3
2016-07 93.3 106.2
2016-06 93.8 102.5
2016-05 94.1 96.6
2016-04 95.3 90.2
2016-03 96.6 92.9
2016-02 96.8 96.1
2016-01 97.6 97.0
2015-12 98.4 94.7
2015-11 100.1 99.2
2015-10 101.7 102.8
2015-09 102.3 101.9
2015-08 102.3 103.2
2015-07 102.1 100.0
2015-06 100.3 99.7
2015-05 99.1 100.4
2015-04 98.6 99.8
2015-03 98.5 101.3
2015-02 98.1 98.3
2015-01 98.3 98.0
2014-12 98.1 98.7
2014-11 96.9 99.8
2014-10 98.4 96.6
2014-09 99.9 97.9
2014-08 100.2 106.0
2014-07 100.5 111.0
2014-06 101.4 113.6
2014-05 103.1 118.8
2014-04 103.8 119.1
2014-03 103.8 107.2
2014-02 104.4 109.2
2014-01 104.6 116.8

Producer prices of pigs and large cattle

  • Source: INSEE

Egg and milk prices rose sharply year on year

In March 2023, egg prices fell back over one month (‑2.7% after +5.4%). They remained up very sharply year on year (+53.6% after +77.4% in February), due to persistent high demand and reduced supply, mainly as a result of avian flu. They have more than doubled compared to March 2021 and March 2019 (+145.4% and +137.7% respectively). The price of cow milk was almost stable over one month (‑0.1% after +0.5%). However, it rose very significantly year on year (+16.1% after +21.2%), as well as compared to March 2021 (+37.4%) and March 2019 (+36.9%).

Index of producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP)

Seasonnaly adjusted - base and reference 100 in 2015
Index of producer prices of agricultural products (IPPAP) (Seasonnaly adjusted - base and reference 100 in 2015)
Variation as % over
Weights (2) March 2023 a month 3 months a year
Agricultural goods output 1000 141.7 /// /// -1.5
excluding fruits and vegetables 906 141.5 -1.9 -0.4 -2.9
Crop output (excluding fruits and vegetables) 489 132.9 -4.1 -5.9 -18.6
Cereals 152 156.7 -7.6 -12.4 -27.9
of which soft wheat* 90 153.0 -8.9 -15.3 -30.4
grain maize* 27 173.0 -8.6 -8.4 -23.0
Potatoes* 29 242.2 /// /// 18.3
Wines 200 107.5 -1.9 -0.4 -10.0
PDO wines* 112 113.4 -2.2 0.0 -13.8
other wines 25 96.7 -4.8 -3.3 -13.1
Oleaginous* 40 127.7 -12.9 -16.3 -46.6
Horticultural products 35 113.0 -2.1 -4.1 4.2
Other crop products* 33 112.0 -1.8 -2.6 -3.3
Fruit and vegetables* (1) 94 143.9 /// /// 17.7
Fresh vegetables* 45 183.0 /// /// 34.0
Fresh fruit* 32 140.2 /// /// 4.4
Animal output 417 151.6 0.5 5.8 21.2
Animals 255 146.2 1.2 4.6 22.1
of which large cattle 112 143.0 0.4 -0.2 12.6
calves 20 120.7 1.0 1.3 12.2
pigs 49 178.0 4.3 19.9 55.6
sheep 14 129.9 0.5 -0.6 6.6
poultry 57 138.3 0.1 2.4 22.1
of which chicken* 39 135.3 -0.1 3.0 20.2
Milk 146 150.3 -0.1 6.4 15.4
of which cow milk 135 153.1 -0.1 6.8 16.1
Eggs 16 250.8 -2.7 16.0 53.6
  • /// Not relevant due to the seasonal nature of the products
  • (1) Including vegetables for industry.
  • (2) Average weight year on year.
  • *: Not seasonnaly adjusted data (all series where seasonality has been detected are seasonally adjusted)
  • Sources : INSEE, SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Input purchase prices fell back over one month and slowed down year on year

In March 2023, the purchase prices of intermediate consumption fell over one month (‑1.1% after ‑1.5% in February 2023). Prices of fertilizers and soil improvers (‑6.1% after ‑5.8%), energy (‑0.5% after ‑3.4%) and animal food (‑0.5% after ‑0.4%) went down. Those of maintenance of materials (+0.5% after +1.0%), seeds (+0.7% after +1.1%) and plant protection products (+1.7% after +0.7%) went up. Those of other goods and services were almost stable (+0,1% after +0.3%). Year on year, the purchase prices of intermediate consumption continued to decelerate in March 2023 (+2.1% after +11.8% in February and +15.6% in January). They were 31.7% higher than in March 2021 and 35.0% higher than in March 2019.

In March 2023, the prices of investment goods and services rose by 0.2% over one month (after +0.5%), by 7.2% year on year (after +8.1%), and by 16.3% and 21.5% compared to March 2021 and March 2019 respectively.

Indices of purchase prices of inputs of agricultural production (IPPIAP)

Raw data - base and reference 100 in 2015
Indices of purchase prices of inputs of agricultural production (IPPIAP) (Raw data - base and reference 100 in 2015)
Variation as % over
Weights March 2023 a month 3 months a year
Total input 1000 137.5 -0.8 -1.4 3.2
Intermediate consumptions 760 139.3 -1.1 -2.2 2.1
Energy (1) 93 163.0 -0.5 1.4 -15.0
Seeds 56 109.9 0.7 2.2 10.9
Fertilisers and soil improvers 107 174.7 -6.1 -15.8 -12.0
Plant protection products 84 104.1 1.7 3.1 11.5
Animal feed 214 148.5 -0.5 -0.7 14.8
Veterinary expenses 37 124.8 0.4 2.8 6.6
Small equipment and tools 11 134.8 -0.4 1.9 10.8
Maintenance of materials 88 129.2 0.5 3.6 9.3
Maintenance of buildings 9 122.4 0.0 1.3 5.2
Other goods and services 61 111.5 0.1 2.8 4.6
Goods and services contributing to investment 240 131.6 0.2 1.1 7.2
Material 168 129.5 0.3 1.5 10.2
Tractors 71 131.4 -0.4 0.9 8.6
Machinery and equipment for cultivation 33 125.6 0.5 2.8 7.4
Machinery and equipment for harvesting 38 130.2 0.8 2.0 14.6
Utility vehicles 16 122.6 0.3 0.4 11.1
Buildings 72 136.7 0.0 0.4 1.3
  • (1) The repayment of the domestic tax on energy product (TICPE) benefiting farmers has been applied in advance for the year 2023.
  • Sources : INSEE, SSP (ministry in charge of agriculture)

Revisions

The year-on-year percentage change of the index of producer prices for agricultural products in February 2023 has been revised downwards by 0.1 percentage points at +11.3%, compared to the previous release. The year-on-year percentage change of the index of the purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production in February 2023 has been revised upwards by 0.3 percentage points at +11.0%.

For further information

The index of producer prices for agricultural products (IPPAP) measures the change in product prices when the products are put on the market for the first time. It is published in base and reference 100 in 2015. The weight-coefficients of fresh fruit and vegetables change every month so that they reflect their seasonal pattern. Their variations should therefore be interpreted only year on year. If needed, indices are seasonally adjusted.

The index of the purchase prices of inputs for agricultural production (IPPIAP) reflects the price evolution of goods and services used in the agricultural process. It is not seasonally adjusted.

Further informations (including IPPAP and IPPIAP methodologies) are available through the “Documentation" tab on the web page of this publication.

Next issue: 31 May 2023 at 12:00 p.m.

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