Under-employment includes active persons who are employed in the sense of the ILO and who meet one of the following conditions :
- they are working part-time, want to work more during the period of reference used to define "the employment" and are available to do it, wether they are looking for a job or not ;
- they are working part-time (and are in a situation other than that described above) or full-time but have worked less than usual during a reference week because of slack work, a slowdown in business, a seasonal reduction in business or because of bad weather.
Under-employment is measured using the Labour Force Survey (LFS).