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Public research sector

Definition

The public research sector includes public scientific and technological institutions (EPST) such as the CNRS, the INSERM and the INRA, public industrial and commercial institutions (EPIC) such as the CEA or the CNES, and higher education institutions (universities, national polytechnic institutes, engineering schools, etc.). It also includes foundations such as the Institut Pasteur and the Institut Curie. Finally, associations are also integrated into the public sector but represent only a marginal part of research activity in France.