A sports licence is a unilateral deed by a sports federation allowing the holder to practise a sport and take part in competitions, and, where applicable (depending on the Articles of the federation), to participate in the running of the federation. Any other form of membership is considered as "another title of participation" (ATP).
The number of sports licences issued and the number of affiliated clubs is known thanks to a census called the "licences and clubs census on approved sports federations ". This census has been carried out each year since 1949 by the Studies, Observation and Statistics Mission (MEOS, part of the Ministry for Sports) on approved French federations.
These data only give the figures for licences (a licence holder may hold more than one licence).
Source : mission des Études, de l'Observation et des Statistiques (MEOS) au ministère en charge des sports (site : http://www.jeunesse-sports.gouv.fr, rubrique "statistiques")